Behavioral Traits Associated with Parenting Styles Various behavioral traits that can be associated with different parenting styles: Overprotective: Children may become dominant, shy, submissive, or anxious due to excessive protection. Overindulgent: This can lead to aggressive, demanding behavior, and frequent temper tantrums, but may also foster affectionate traits. Rejecting: Children...

ISO-ENZYMES Iso-enzymes are physically distinct forms of the same enzyme activity. Higher organisms have several physically distinct versions of a given enzyme, each of which catalyzes the same reaction. Isozymes arise through gene duplication and exhibit differences in properties such as sensitivity to particular regulatory factors or substrate affinity that...

Aneurysm An aneurysm is a localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel or the heart Types: 1. True aneurysm - it involves all three layers of the arterial wall (intima, media, and adventitia) or the attenuated wall of the heart.  e.g. Atherosclerotic, syphilitic, and congenital aneurysms, and ventricular aneurysms that...

SELENIUM normal serum level is 50-100 mg/day Selenium dependent enzymes include glutathione Peroxidase and 5-de-iodinase. Selenium concentration in testis is the highest in adult.  It is very necessary for normal development and maturation of sperm.

Antiplatelet Drugs Aspirin/ASA - Works on Cyclo-oxygenase (AA -> thromboxane) - Low dose (80-160 mg/day) irreversibly inhibits plt COX, and they can’t make new COX b/c they have no nucleus - Some inhibition of endothelial COX but not much, therefore prostacyclin (anti-coag) synthesis isn’t  affected much - Benefit is greater...

Specific Agents Hydralazine [orally effective] MOA: Not completely understood. Seems to be partially dependent on the release of EDRF and perhaps partially due to K+-channel activation - in clinical doses action is manifest primarily on vascular smooth muscle (non-vascular muscle is not much affected). - Re: Metabolism & Excretion. In...

Fixation of Condylar Fractures Condylar fractures of the mandible can be challenging to manage due to their location and the functional demands placed on the condylar region. Various fixation techniques have been developed to achieve stable fixation and promote healing. Below is an overview of the different methods of fixation...

Ampicillin offered a broader spectrum of activity than either of the original penicillins and allowed doctors to treat a broader range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections. Ampicillin is often used in molecular biology as a test for the uptake of genes (e.g., by plasmids) by bacteria (e.g., E. coli)

Abnormalities in chromosome number Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) (1) The most common chromosomal disorder. (2) A disorder affecting autosomes. It is generally caused by meiotic nondisjunction in the mother, which results in an extra copy of chromosome 21 or trisomy 21. (3) Risk increases with maternal age. (4) Clinical findings...

Sinus It is a tubular track lined by granulation tissue and open at one end which is at the surface, eg. Tuberculous Sinus Fistula A tubular track lined by granulation tissue and open at both ends.at least one of which communicates with a hollow viscus. it can be internal or...

PHOSPHORUS Serum level of phosphate is 3-4 mg/dl for adults and 5-6 mg/dl in children. Consumption of calcitriol increases phosphate absorption. Functions of phosphorus (a) Plays key role in formation of tooth and bone (b) Production of high energy phosphate compounds such as ATP, CTP, GTP etc., (c) Synthesis of...

Autism in Pedodontics Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder that affects communication, behavior, and social interaction. In the context of pediatric dentistry (pedodontics), understanding the characteristics and challenges associated with autism is crucial for providing effective dental care. Here’s an overview of autism in pedodontics: Characteristics of...