391+ quick-read dental synopsis for rapid revision
| Type | Features |
|---|---|
| Unconjugated | Absent in urine (bound to albumin); hemolysis |
| Conjugated | Seen in Dubin-Johnson |
| Diagnosis | BSP test (Dubin-Johnson) |
| Genetics | Crigler-Najjar Type II – Autosomal recessive |
| Cholestasis | ↑ 5’-nucleotidase |
| Hypothyroid | ↓ Alk Phos |
| Enzyme | Clinical Use | Timing |
|---|---|---|
| Troponin I/T | Gold standard for myocardial infarction | Rises in 3–6 hrs, peaks at 12–24 hrs |
| CK-MB | Specific to cardiac muscle damage | Rises in 4–6 hrs, peaks at 24 hrs |
| LDH (Isoenzyme 1) | Used historically for MI diagnosis | Peaks at 48–72 hrs |
Troponins remain elevated for up to 10 days—ideal for late diagnosis.
Sealers fill the space between gutta-percha and canal walls, ensuring a fluid-tight seal.
Seal canal irregularities
Prevent microleakage
Lubricate during obturation
Provide antimicrobial action
| Type | Examples | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Zinc Oxide Eugenol-based | Tubliseal, Procosol | Antimicrobial, but soluble and weak over time |
| Epoxy Resin-based | AH Plus, AH 26 | Strong adhesion, low solubility, long setting time |
| Calcium Hydroxide-based | Sealapex, Apexit | Antimicrobial, biocompatible, but less adhesive |
| Bioceramic-based | iRoot SP, EndoSequence BC | Bioactive, excellent sealing, promotes healing |
| Glass Ionomer-based | Ketac Endo | Good adhesion, limited antimicrobial action |
| Silicone-based | GuttaFlow, RoekoSeal | Flexible, biocompatible, easy to remove |
| Sound | Tooth Placement Insight | Clinical Use |
|---|---|---|
| Labiodental (‘f’, ‘v’) | Upper anterior incisal edge should touch lower lip | Determines vertical position of maxillary incisors |
| Linguodental (‘th’) | Tongue tip between upper and lower incisors | Assesses horizontal overlap |
| Sibilant (‘s’, ‘z’, ‘sh’, ‘ch’) | Closest speaking space; incisors should not touch | Evaluates anterior-posterior position and vertical overlap |
| Bilabial (‘b’, ‘p’, ‘m’) | Lips come together naturally | Checks lip support and labial flange contour |
Maxillary Incisors
Mandibular Incisors
Canines & Premolars
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NEET MDS