📖 Pharmacology
Antianginal Drugs
PharmacologyAntianginal Drugs
Organic Nitrates :
Short acting: Glyceryl trinitrate (Nitroglycerine, GTN), Amyl Nitrate
Long Acting: Isosrbide dinitrate (Short acting by sublingual route), Erythrityl tetranitrate, penta erythrityl tetranitrate
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents : Propanolol, Metoprolol
Calcium channel blockers Verapamil, Nifedipine, Dipyridamole
Mechanism of action
– Decrease myocardial demand
– increase blood supply to the myocardium
Agonist, Antagonist, and Partial Agonists
PharmacologyAgonist, Antagonist, and Partial Agonists
Agonists: molecules that activate receptors. A drug that mimics the body's own regulatory processes.
Antagonists: produce their effects by preventing receptors activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs. Block activation of receptors by agonists.
Noncompetive Antagonist: Bind irreversibly to receptors, and reduce the maximal response that an agonist can elicit.
Competitive Antagonist: Bind reversibly to receptors, competing with agonists for binding sites.
Partial Agonists: Have moderate intrinsic activity, the maximal effect that a partial agonist can produce is lower than that of a full agonist. Act as antagonists as well as agonists.
Dextromethorphan
PharmacologyDextromethorphan Â
O-methylated dextrorphan, Excellent oral antitussive, No analgesic effect, No GI effects, No respiratory depression
DIAGNOSIS
PharmacologyDIAGNOSIS
Affective disorders:
I. unipolar depression – depression alone
bipolar affective disorder – alternating II. bipolar affective disorder – alternating depression and mania
Diagnosis is based on
At least five of the following for 2 weeks
I. Depressed mood most of the day
II. Markedly diminished interest or pleasureII. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure
III. Significant weight loss or weight
IV. Insomnia or hypersomnia
V. Psychomotor agitation or retardation
VI. Fatigue or loss of energy
VII. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
VIII. Diminished ability to think or concentrate,
IX. Recurrent thoughts of death
Underlying biological basis for depression is a deficiency of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and/or serotonin in the brain.