📖 Pharmacology
Drugs used to induce vomiting
PharmacologyDrugs used to induce vomiting
In case of poisoning with noncorrosive agents, and assuming incomplete absorption of the poison has taken place, induction of vomiting can be carried out. One of the drugs used for this purpose is emetine which causes irritation of the upper gut and, on absorption, it also acts on CTZ.
Chemotherapeutic agents (or their metabolites) can directly activate the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone or vomiting center; several neuroreceptors, including dopamine receptor Type 2 and serotonin Type 3 (5-HT3) from cell damage(GIT and pharynx) play roles in vomiting.
Clotrimazole
PharmacologyClotrimazole: Clotrimazole is a potent, specific inhibitor of p450 enzymes.
It is used in some antifungal medications, and in the treatment of yeast infections.
Adrenergic Agents
PharmacologyISOPRENALINE
It is beta-receptor stimulant, which stimulates the heart and causes tachycardia.
It relaxes the smooth muscles particularly the bronchial and GIT. It is mainly used in bronchial asthma, in the treatment of shock and as a cardiac stimulant in heart block.
ORCIPRENALINE
Is a potent β-adrenergic agonist.
Receptor sites in the bronchi and bronchioles are more sensitive to the drug than those in the heart and blood vessels.
AMPHETAMINE
increases the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Amphetamine is a potent CNS stimulant and causes alertness, insomnia, increased concentration, euphoria or dysphoria and increased work capacity.
Amphetamines are drugs of abuse and can produce behavioural abnormalities and can precipitate psychosis.
PHENYLEPHRINE
It is used as a nasal decongestant and mydriatic agent and also in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
UTERINE RELAXANTS (TOCOLYTICS)
ISOXSUPRINE
Isoxsuprine has a potent inhibitory effect on vascular and uterine smooth muscle and has been used in the treatment of dysmenorrhoea, threatened abortion, premature labour and peripheral vascular diseases.
Drugs causing FOLATE deficiency
PharmacologyMedications can interfere with folate metabolism, including:
anticonvulsant medications (such as phenytoin, primidone, carbamazepine or valproate)
metformin (sometimes prescribed to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes)
methotrexate, an anti-cancer drug also used to control inflammation associated with Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
5-fluorouracil
Hydroxyurea
trimethoprim
sulfasalazine (used to control inflammation associated with Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis)
triamterene (a diuretic)
birth control pills