NEET MDS Shorts
126562
PhysiologyThe pharyngeal stage of deglutition involves involuntary contraction of the pharyngeal muscles and is responsible for the rapid passage of the food bolus from the oral cavity to the upper esophagus. It is primarily a reflex act triggered by the voluntary movement of food into the back of the mouth.
975543
Oral PathologyMyxoma is the most aggressive tumor among the options listed. It is a rare,
benign, but locally aggressive neoplasm that can occur in various anatomic
locations, particularly in the heart and skin. Myxomas are known for their
ability to invade surrounding tissue and cause significant damage to the organ
in which they are found.
Here is a brief description of each tumor type:
1) Myxoma: As mentioned earlier, these are rare but locally
aggressive tumors that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues. They are
typically soft and gelatinous in consistency. When myxomas occur in the heart,
they can obstruct blood flow and cause severe complications.
2) Cementoblastoma: This is a rare, benign tumor that arises
from the periodontal ligament cells that are responsible for producing cementum,
which is the bone-like tissue that anchors teeth in the jaw. Cementoblastomas
are generally slow-growing and less aggressive compared to myxomas.
3) Ameloblastic fibroma: This is a benign, non-invasive tumor
that occurs in the jaw, typically in younger patients. It is composed of both
odontogenic epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells, which are involved in tooth
development. These tumors can cause expansion of the bone but are not as
aggressive as myxomas.
4) Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: This is a mixed odontogenic
tumor, which means it is composed of both dental epithelial and mesenchymal
cells. It is usually benign and presents as a slowly growing, painless swelling
in the jaw. While it can cause bone expansion, it is less aggressive and
typically does not invade surrounding tissues like a myxoma.
251121
PhysiologyThe glomerular filtration barrier is a three-layered structure composed of endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries, the basement membrane, and the podocytes (visceral epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule). These layers work together to filter blood, allowing small molecules to pass into the nephron while retaining larger ones.
909588
ProsthodonticsOnly pure hinge movements of the mandible occur at terminal hinge position.
587354
General MedicineGastrinomas in Zollinger Ellison syndrome are most commonly found in the pancreas, particularly in the head of the pancreas. The term "gastrinoma triangle" refers to the area between the duodenum and pancreas where these tumors are frequently located.
426867
General Medicine
Crohn's disease typically presents with a cobblestone appearance of the mucosa due to the alternating involvement of diseased and healthy mucosal segments, strictures and skip lesions due to transmural inflammation affecting all layers of the bowel wall, and creeping fat, which is mesenteric fat wrapping around the bowel surface.
211001
MedicineThe response to treatment of syphilis is best monitored by VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test) because it is a non-specific test for syphilis that measures the presence of antibodies in the blood. It is widely used for diagnosis and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. TPHA (Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay) and FTA-ABS (Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption) are both specific treponemal antibody tests, which are used for confirming the diagnosis but not as commonly for monitoring treatment response. TPI (Treponema pallidum immobilization) is a specific antibody test but less sensitive than TPHA and FTA-ABS, making VDRL a more practical choice for monitoring treatment.
802015
Dental MaterialsZinc is included in amalgam alloys as an aid in manufacturing to produce clean, sound castings of the ingots used for cut-particle alloys.