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Biochemistry
Enzyme assays measure the activity or concentration of specific enzymes in blood or tissue samples. Elevated or reduced levels often indicate organ dysfunction or cellular damage.
Enzyme Groups & Their Clinical Significance
| Enzyme Group | Function | Clinical Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Oxidoreductases | Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions | Liver, cardiac, and muscle injury markers |
| Transferases | Transfer functional groups between molecules | Liver and muscle enzymes (e.g., AST, ALT) |
| Hydrolases | Break chemical bonds using water | Pancreatic enzymes (e.g., amylase, lipase) |
| Lyases | Break bonds without hydrolysis or oxidation | Less commonly used in diagnostics |
| Isomerases | Rearrange molecular structures | Rarely used clinically |
| Ligases | Join molecules using ATP | Mostly research-based, not routine diagnostics |