NEET MDS Shorts
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Oral MedicineMefloquine is effective against malaria because it inhibits the DNA replication in the parasites' asexual erythrocytic stages, thus preventing their proliferation.
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Oral MedicineThe most critical aspect of cholera treatment is aggressive rehydration to replace the large volume of fluid and electrolytes lost through diarrhea. Antibiotics may be administered to reduce the duration of illness and the volume of diarrhea, but rehydration is the immediate priority.
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Oral MedicineIn muscular dystrophy, there is ongoing muscle fiber destruction and regeneration, which leads to the release of muscle enzymes into the bloodstream. CK-3 is the muscle-specific isoenzyme that is most commonly elevated in muscular dystrophies, indicating damage to skeletal muscles.
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Oral MedicineAntiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. These antibodies can bind to phospholipids in cell membranes, leading to a prothrombotic state and an increased risk of thrombosis. The exact mechanism by which these antibodies induce thrombosis is complex and may involve interference with anticoagulant proteins like protein C and protein S, as well as platelet activation and endothelial damage. However, the primary mechanism is the presence of these autoantibodies.
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Oral MedicineChronic hepatitis is characterized by the persistent presence of liver inflammation and damage, typically lasting for more than 6 months. It can be caused by various factors, including viral infections, alcohol abuse, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. The diagnosis is often made based on a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and liver biopsy findings.
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Oral MedicineFluorosis is associated with osteosclerosis, not osteoporosis. It leads to increased bone density due to excessive deposition of fluoride.
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Oral MedicineIn an unconscious patient, it is best to administer glucagon IM which can quickly raise blood glucose levels by mobilizing glycogen stores in the liver. Oral glucose cannot be given due to the patient's altered mental state.
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Oral MedicineThe normal resting adult heart rate is typically between 60 and 80 beats per minute.