NEET MDS Shorts
551954
Oral MedicineGlimepiride is a sulfonylurea medication that stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels and causing depolarization, leading to calcium influx and insulin release.
590342
Oral MedicineCommonest site maxilla
a. Adamantinoma is a rare tumor arising from the diaphysis of the long bone.
b. The most common long bone affected by adamantinoma is TIBIA.
c. In head and neck , the most common bone affected by adamantinoma is MANDIBLE.
d. In mandible, the most common site is the region of 3RD MOLAR.
e. Classic adamantinomas usually occur in patients older than 20 years, whereas
differentiated adamantinomas occur almost exclusively in patients younger than
20 years.
f. In addition, the 2 classifications of adamantinomas have distinct
radiographic and histologic differences.
g. Patients with adamantinomas present with variable signs and symptoms; most
commonly, they report pain and swelling.
h. The tumor is slow growing, and patients may describe discomfort lasting
months to years.
i. Treatment options for adamantinoma are surgical and include either marginal
or en bloc resection.
j. Unfortunately, neither radiation therapy nor chemotherapy has been proven
effective in the treatment of this insidious tumor.
k. The investigation of choice for adamantinoma is CT SCAN which shows cortical
destruction involving the diaphysis of the bone with surrounding periosteal
reaction.
l. On x ray there is a characteristic SOAP BUBBLE appearance.
583017
Oral MedicineThe combination of fever, vomiting, and diarrhea with seizures in a young child is more indicative of gastroenteritis, which can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances leading to seizures, rather than the other options listed.
503313
Oral MedicineWhile lung cancer itself is not a direct risk factor for venous thrombosis, it can be associated with hypercoagulable states due to the presence of tumor cells or paraneoplastic syndromes. The other options (orthopedic surgery, estrogen use for contraception, and a family history of DVT) are all recognized conditions that increase the risk of developing venous thrombosis.
689835
Oral MedicineThe initial event in a vasovagal syncope episode is an increase in catecholamine release, leading to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and tachycardia.
418529
Oral MedicineHuntington's disease is characterized by two main clinical features: chorea (involuntary, irregular, and sudden jerky movements) and behavioral disturbances. These symptoms may occur alone or in combination, with the choreic movement disorder typically becoming more pronounced over time.
438150
Oral MedicineChronic hepatitis is characterized by the persistent presence of liver inflammation and damage, typically lasting for more than 6 months. It can be caused by various factors, including viral infections, alcohol abuse, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. The diagnosis is often made based on a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and liver biopsy findings.
730787
Oral MedicineIn a patient with a suspected STEMI, the characteristic ECG findings include ST elevation in the anterolateral leads (I, aVL, V1-V6) and reciprocal ST depression in the inferior leads (II, III, aVF). The pattern of ST elevation in the anterolateral leads with reciprocal depression in the inferior leads is most indicative of a STEMI affecting the anterolateral wall of the heart.