NEET MDS Shorts
437946
PharmacologyTolerance: The capacity to absorb a drug continuously or in large doses without adverse effect; diminution in the response to a drug after prolonged use.
859683
PharmacologyIsoproterenol is used in the management of bronchospasm during anesthesia;
adjunctive treatment for shock.
548035
PharmacologyAlbendazole is not effective against Schistosomiasis, which is caused by a parasitic worm.
804470
PharmacologyIt is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia and to perform nerve blocks
Dosage Of Local Anesthesia:
1) Safety dose of 2% Lignocaine is 4.5mg/kg without a Vasoconstrictor
Without a Vasoconstrictor 300 mg (maximum dose)
2) Safety dose of 2% Lignocaine is 7mg/kg with a Vasoconstrictor
With a Vasoconstrictor – 500 mg (maximum dose)
3) As 1ml of 2% Lignocaine contains 20mg – Where the Maximum safety dose being 300 mg
So 15 ml of Drug can be given safely
4) 1:1,00,000 concentration means 1 part of Adrenaline is 1,00,000 parts of Solution
Safety Dose of Adrenaline for Dental Use in normal patients is 0.2 mg – which means 20 ml of LA can be given to normal patients containing Adrenaline
For cardiac Patients the safety dose of Adrenaline is 0.04mg – Which means 4ml of LA can be given to Patients with cardiac problems containing Adrenaline
5) If the concentration of LA is 1:50,000 – 10 ml of LA can be given safely
386519
PharmacologyDimercaprol (British antilewisite; BAL)
1. Poisoning by As, Hg, Au, Bi, Ni, Sb: it is administered i.m., 5 mg/kg stat, followed by 2-3 mg/kg every 4 – 8 hours for 2 days, then once or twice a day for 10 days. It is partly oxidized and glucuronide conjugated, but mainly excreted as such in 4 – 6 hours. Earlier the treatment is instituted, the better it is. Because the dimercaprolmetal complex dissociates faster in acidic urine and the released metal can damage the kidney, urine is alkalinized during dimercaprol therapy.
2. As an adjuvant to Cal. Disod. Edentate in lead poisoning.
3. As an adjuvant to penicillamine in Cu poisoning and in Wilson’s disease – 300 mg/day i.m. for 10 days every second month.
It is contraindicated in iron and cadmium poisoning, because the dimercaprol-Fe and dimercaprol-Cd complex is itself toxic.
342183
PharmacologyMethemoglobinemia is a condition in which the iron within hemoglobin is oxidized from the ferrous (Fe2+) state to the ferric (Fe3+) state, resulting in the inability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Clinically, this condition causes cyanosis, often posing a diagnostic dilemma
usually results from exposure to oxidizing substances (such as nitrates or nitrites, aniline dyes, or medications, including lidocaine, prilocaine, phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium], and others)
197661
PharmacologyNephrotoxicity of cephalosporins is accentuated by concurrent administration of loop diuretics.
815263
PharmacologyOprelvekin (Interleukin 11) is the only agent approved by the FDA for treatment of thrombocytopenia secondary to myelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy
Filgrastim (G-CSF) and Sargramostim (GM-SCF) are used in the treatment of neutropenia
Erythropoietin is used in treatment of anemia