Apart from a dentigerous cyst, which other lesions are associated with the absence of teeth?

1) Adenomatous odontogenic tumor
2) Keratocyst
3) Ameloblastoma
4) All of the above

All these lesions can be associated with the absence of teeth, either due to their developmental nature or their impact on the surrounding structures.

Which of the following is a form of emotional abuse?
1) Hitting a partner
2) Constantly belittling a child
3) Withholding food
4) Ignoring a patient's medical needs

Emotional abuse involves harming a person's self-esteem or emotional well-being, such as through belittling or verbal insults.

What is the main ethical principle behind informed consent?

1) Non-maleficence (do no harm)
2) Beneficence (act in the patient's best interest)
3) Autonomy (respect for the patient's right to make decisions)
4) Justice (fair treatment of all patients)

Informed consent is based on the ethical principle of autonomy, which emphasizes the patient's right to make decisions about their own health care. It is essential to respect and support the patient's decision-making process.

What is the first line of treatment for a patient with a lower lateral tooth extracted while the alveolus heals to cover the gap?
1) Conventional cantilever
2) Partial denture

A partial denture is often the preferred option to replace missing teeth during the healing process, providing functional and aesthetic support.

Agent of choice for day care surgery:
Propofol
Etomidate
Ketamine
Midazolam

The elimination half life of propofol is 2-4 hours. Due to its early and smooth recovery, it is the agent of choice for day care surgery.

What is the most common reason for the failure of an approximal amalgam filling?
1) Marginal leakage
2) Secondary caries
3) Isthmus fracture
4) Overhang

Isthmus fractures are a common reason for the failure of approximal amalgam fillings, often due to stress and occlusal forces.

Choose correct statements about flowable composite:

1) Low modulus of elasticity.

2) Lower filler content.

3) Higher polymerization shrinkage.

4) All of the above.

Flowable composites generally exhibit a low modulus of elasticity, lower filler content, and increased polymerization shrinkage compared to traditional composites, making them suitable for specific applications but requiring careful consideration regarding their use.

During which phase does the formation of dentin primarily occur?
1) Bud stage
2) Cap stage
3) Bell stage
4) Maturation stage

The bell stage of tooth development is when the formation of dentin primarily occurs, along with enamel development.

Zinc phosphate cement powder contains zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, bismuth oxide

Which of the following forces best accomplish orthodontic tooth movement?

1) Heavy and continuous
2) Heavy and intermittent
3) Light and continuous
4) Light and intermittent

SOLUTION

Light and continuous
Use of continuous light force is recommended to be applied for adult group of patient rather than intermittent force as applied by removable appliance. This is because continuous forces are expected to bring about direct resorption of the root socket. They should hence not occlude more than a small percentage of blood vessels with in the periodontal ligament, not substantially interfere with their nutritional supply and little interference
with normal biologic functioning. In adult due to heavy force teeth may devitalize because the opening into the tooth (apical foramen) is smaller and blood vessels can be easily disrupted.

What cement is used to temporarily cement a crown?
1) Glass ionomer cement
2) Resin cement
3) Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE)
4) Composite resin

ZOE is commonly used for the temporary cementation of crowns due to its ease of use and sedative properties.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding a high-risk patient?

1) 0.1ml of blood from Hepatitis B carrier is less infective than 0.1ml of blood from HIV patient

2) 0.1ml of blood from Hepatitis B carrier is more infective than 0.1ml of blood from HIV patient

3) Level of viruses are similar in the blood and saliva of HIV patient

4) Level of virus in saliva is not significant for Hepatitis B patient

Hepatitis B is known to be significantly more infectious than HIV, and small amounts of Hepatitis B virus can lead to transmission.

The major growth sites in mandible are:

1.Anterior surface of ramus
2.Condylar process
3.Anterior part of chin
4. Posterior surface of ramus:

1) 1,2,3
2) 2,4
3) 2,3,4
4) 2,3

•In two ways the overall pattern of growth of the mandible can be represented .It will depend on the frame of reference if both are correct. The chin moves downward and forward if the cranium is the reference area.
On the other hand, it becomes apparent that the principal sites of growth of the mandible are the posterior surface of the ramus and the condylar and coronoid processes if data from vital staining experiments are examined. Along the anterior part of the mandible there is little change
• The chin is almost inactive as a growth site. As the actual growth occurs at the mandibular condyle and along the posterior surface of the ramus it is translated downward and forward. By periosteal apposition of bone on its posterior surface the body of the mandible grows longer , at the condyle accompanied by surface remodeling while the ramus grows higher by endochondral replacement
• Conceptually,wiht is correct to view the mandible as being translated downward and forward,though at the same time  it increases in size by growing upward and backward. As the bone moves downward the translation occurs largely. As the bone moves downward and forward along with the soft tissues in which it is embedded the translation occurs largely

All the following are part of the HURIER Model of Listening, except:

1) Hearing.
2) Remembering.
3) Responding.
4) Encouraging.

The HURIER Model of Listening is a framework that outlines the different stages of effective listening. It stands for Hearing, Understanding, Remembering, Interpreting, Evaluating, and Responding. Encouraging is not part of this model because it does not represent a specific stage of the listening process.
Encouraging is more related to the communication skills of the listener, rather than a distinct step in the listening model.

A patient on diuretics may experience which oral side effect? 1) Xerostomia (dry mouth) 2) Gingival hyperplasia 3) Stomatitis 4) Facial swelling

Diuretics can lead to xerostomia, commonly observed in patients on long-term antihypertensive therapy.

Which diuretic class is most commonly used as first-line therapy in hypertension?
1) Loop diuretics
2) Thiazide diuretics
3) Potassium-sparing diuretics
4) Aldosterone antagonists

Thiazide diuretics are often the first-line choice in managing hypertension because of their efficacy and fewer side effects.

Which of the following antibiotics shows an incidence of approximately 8% cross-allergencity with penicillins?

1)  Bacitracin     
2)  Erythromycin
3)  Cephalexin     
4)  Vancomycin

Cephalosporins can cause allergic reactions in people with penicillin allergy. The overall rate of allergy to cephalosporins in people with penicillin allergy is approximately 5 to 10%, although rates may be higher for certain people. Allergic reactions to cephalosporins can be severe and even lifethreatening;
it is generally recommended that those allergic to penicillin avoid cephalosporins all together.

Presently, the treatment plan for the child going abroad in 6 months should focus on:

1) Extracting teeth and using space maintainers

2) Extracting all affected teeth and referring to an oral surgeon

3) Referring to an oral surgeon and orthodontist for comprehensive treatment

4) Restoring the affected teeth and monitoring

Restoring both affected teeth conservatively allows for continued function and aesthetics while developing a long-term plan that can be managed after moving.

A woman aged 48 years visits a dermatologist to have a mole removed. The patient tells her physician that she got allergic reaction to a local anaesthetic the last time she had undergone dental work. Investigation of the lady's dental records by her dentist discloses that the patient received procaine for a tooth extraction. Among the following alternatives, which drug would be suitable for the present procedure?
1) Benzocaine
2) Chloroprocaine
3) Tetracaine
4) Mepivacaine

Two classes of local anaesthetics exist namely: Esters and Amides. The rule of thumb describes that in case you are allergic to one drug in a given class (generally the ester class), you will also be allergic to other drugs of the same class. The lady received procaine which is an ester in the present case. Hence, we need to identify Amide in the list of answers. Mepivacaine is the only amide listed here.

Ultrashort acting blocker most commonly used in anaesthesia is:
1) Esmolol
2) Nadolol
3) Propranolol
4) Atenolol

Esmolol is metabolized by RBC esterase, making it very short-acting with a half-life of only 8-10 minutes.