NEET MDS Shorts
68066
Oral Medicine
Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. These antibodies can bind to phospholipids in cell membranes, leading to a prothrombotic state and an increased risk of thrombosis. The exact mechanism by which these antibodies induce thrombosis is complex and may involve interference with anticoagulant proteins like protein C and protein S, as well as platelet activation and endothelial damage. However, the primary mechanism is the presence of these autoantibodies.
28538
NEETMDSThe Dautery procedure for recurrent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation involves creating a mechanical barrier to the anterior movement of the mandibular condyle, preventing it from dislocating past the articular eminence.
42244
General MicrobiologyAmoebic dysentery stool is typically dark red and acidic, while bacillary dysentery stool is bright red and alkaline.
88809
General MedicineThe standard antibiotic for prophylaxis against infective endocarditis in adults undergoing high-risk dental procedures is a single dose of amoxicillin taken orally 30 to 60 minutes before the procedure. However, for patients allergic to penicillin, clindamycin is the recommended alternative. The appropriate oral dosage for clindamycin in adults is 600 mg administered 30 minutes to 1 hour before the procedure.
11314
Pharmacology
Functions of delta type opioid receptors are: supraspinal analgesia
spinal analgesia
modulation of hormone and neurotransmitter release
37534
PeriodonticsThe operator position to perform scaling on the mandibular right posterior extent on the lingual aspect is the front position.
91270
Oral SurgeryWhile the buccal nerve block is used to anesthetize the buccal mucosa and buccal gingival tissues of the maxillary molars, the actual technique does not typically produce any specific subjective symptoms in the patient other than the sensation of the needle. The patient may feel numbness if the anesthetic solution is inadvertently placed in the oral mucosa or if the block is done improperly.
23684
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
An intraoral periapical x-ray is the primary diagnostic tool for
detecting impacted molars. This type of x-ray provides a detailed view of the
entire tooth, including the surrounding bone and tissues, allowing the dentist
to determine the position and angulation of the impacted tooth in relation to
the adjacent structures. However, a CBCT may be used in more complex cases for a
three-dimensional assessment.
30157
EndodonticsFor a child with mid-crown fracture in permanent maxillary central incisor with necrotic pulp and incompletely formed root with open apex, the treatment of choice is apexification. This procedure is indicated because: 1) Open apex prevents conventional root canal obturation, 2) Necrotic pulp requires complete debridement, 3) Apexification induces calcified barrier formation at root apex, 4) Allows subsequent root canal obturation, 5) Preserves the tooth for normal function. Calcium hydroxide or MTA are commonly used materials for apexification. Pulpotomies are not indicated for necrotic pulps.
28802
General Medicine
Hemophilia A is a congenital defect due to various abnormalities of the gene on the X chromosome that codes for factor VIII, leading to a hemorrhagic diathesis. Hageman trait is also congenital but does not directly cause a bleeding disorder.