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20748

The DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index is used to measure both the prevalence and severity of dental caries in an individual. It quantifies the number of teeth that are decayed, missing due to caries, or filled, providing a comprehensive assessment of past and present caries experience. 

69191

Envelope flaps limit access to the operative site and often heal with scar formation due to inadequate blood supply at the incision line. Triangular and rectangular flaps provide better access and healing.

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All of the mentioned syndromes can exhibit high arched palate. Marfans syndrome shows high arched palate due to connective tissue abnormalities. Down syndrome may have high arched palate. Pierre-Robin syndrome has micrognathia with high arched/cleft palate. Treacher Collins syndrome shows palatal defects. Craniofacial dysostosis (Crouzons) and cleidocranial dysplasia both can present with high arched palate due to developmental abnormalities affecting craniofacial growth.

40569

The most sensitive diagnostic test for hyperparathyroidism is the measurement of serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels. Elevated iPTH levels in the context of hypercalcemia are indicative of primary hyperparathyroidism. However, serum calcium levels are also typically high in this condition and are commonly measured in the initial workup.

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24142

Azithromycin is effective in treating drug-induced gingival overgrowth due to its anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to modulate fibroblast activity, specifically targeting the mechanisms of tissue overgrowth.

21555

In an epidemiological study, the index case refers to the first case that comes to the attention of the investigator.

The primary case is the first case of a communicable disease introduced into the population unit being studied, which may not always be the index case.

Secondary cases are those developing from contact with the primary case.

a) Primary case: refers to first case of a communicable disease introduced into the population unit being studied.
b) Index case: refers to first case that comes to attention of the investigator. Index case may not be the primary case always
c) Secondary cases are those developing from contact with primary case

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Obtura II is a high heat obturation technique used in endodontics (root canal treatment) to fill and seal the root canal system of teeth. This technique involves the use of a thermoplasticized gutta-percha, which is heated to a high temperature and then compacted into the root canal with a heat source such as a heated plugger or a heated tip of a handpiece. The heat helps to soften the gutta-percha, allowing it to adapt to the irregularities of the root canal system and form a tight seal against bacterial microleakage. Thermofill and Ultrafill are not high heat techniques, while sectional filling is a method of filling the canal in increments, which may or may not involve heat.

50737

Accelerated periodontal diseases is not a complication of irradiation of the mouth.