52388

Sodium chloride acts as an accelerator in gypsum-based materials by increasing the solubility of the hemihydrate, thereby speeding up the conversion to dihydrate and the overall setting process.

41156

For caries prevention, a 0.2% sodium fluoride mouth rinse is typically recommended for use once weekly. This regimen provides sufficient fluoride exposure to strengthen tooth enamel without causing adverse effects.

27486

Eagles syndrome causes deep facial pain during swallowing due to pressure of the pharyngeal wall against an elongated styloid process or ossified stylohyoid ligament. This mechanical irritation occurs specifically during swallowing movements. Trotters syndrome involves nasopharyngeal tumors, glossopharyngeal neuralgia is purely neurologic, and histamine cephalgia is vascular headache.

53080

Recurrent sinusitis is due to both anatomical abnormalities and poor resistance. Anatomical factors like deviated nasal septum, polyps, or narrow ostia predispose to infection. Poor immune resistance, allergies, or systemic conditions also contribute to recurrent episodes.

63475

Maintaining good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing and flossing, is the most effective way to prevent periodontal disease, as it reduces plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.

39969

The T-clasp is used when the retentive undercut on the abutment tooth is located adjacent to the edentulous space. This design allows the clasp to engage the undercut on the tissue side of the tooth, providing retention while the reciprocal arm stabilizes from the opposite side. This is particularly useful in distal extension situations.

54937

Carcinoma of the Lip

19513

Gingival hypertrophy (also known as gingival enlargement) is a known side effect of certain medications, including phenytoin (also known by the brand name Dilantin).

Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication used to prevent seizures.

Hormonal imbalance in the presence of plaque can cause gingivitis, but not typically localized hypertrophy as a direct result in this context.

Toothbrush trauma causes gum recession or injury, not hypertrophy.

Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, a symptom of which is swollen, bleeding gums, but not the specific localized hypertrophy

45141

In meta-analysis, Tau square (τ²) represents the actual variance between the true effects of the studies, while I square (I²) expresses the percentage of total variation across studies that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance.

93302

Plummer-Vinson syndrome is strongly associated with post-cricoid carcinoma and esophageal web formation. It is due to iron deficiency (not folic acid), is more common in females (especially middle-aged women), and IS associated with oral premalignant lesions and increased risk of upper digestive tract malignancies. The syndrome represents a premalignant condition with significant cancer risk, particularly in the post-cricoid region.