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Vestibular extension procedure results in an increase in width of non-keratinised attached gingiva

The vestibular extension procedure is a surgical treatment that involves the apical movement of the vestibular mucosal tissue to increase the width of attached gingival tissue around a tooth. This procedure typically does not alter the width of the keratinized attached gingiva, which is the tissue that is directly connected to the tooth surface. Instead, it primarily increases the non-keratinized attached gingival width, which is the part of the gingival tissue that is not directly attached to the tooth but is still important for periodontal health and aesthetics.

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The location of calculus (subgingival vs. supragingival) influences the choice of instrument type (e.g., hand scalers vs. ultrasonic scalers). The area of the mouth (anterior vs. posterior) also affects instrument selection due to accessibility and angulation. The depth of pockets is crucial as deeper pockets may require specific instruments designed for subgingival scaling.

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In gingivitis, bacteria primarily reside in the connective tissue of the marginal gingiva and within the plaque biofilm on the tooth surface. This location contributes to the inflammatory response seen in gingivitis. 

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 Fibrous gingival hyperplasia, also known as gingival overgrowth, is characterized by an increase in the size of the gingival tissue due to an excessive accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components. This condition can be caused by various factors, including certain medications (like anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, and immunosuppressants), hormonal changes, or chronic inflammation.

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If a laterally positioned flap is not properly designed or secured, it can lead to complications such as tearing or failing to fully cover the dehiscence, potentially causing a new dehiscence at the donor site.

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GTR is an example of a non-graft associated regenerative technique.

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A Gracey curette is correctly adapted when the lower shank is parallel with the tooth surface being scaled.

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Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is used mainly in the treatment of Class II furcations.

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The circular fibers are part of the gingivodental group and are located in the marginal gingiva, encircling the teeth. In contrast, the alveolar crest, transseptal, and horizontal fibers are part of the periodontal ligament.