NEET MDS Shorts
30496
BiochemistryGlycine is a Glycogenic amino acid, only
64826
BiochemistryProthrombin production in the liver is dependent upon Vitamin K intake
40041
BiochemistryThe reaction used for estimating free amino, groups in proteins is Deamination with HNO2
53785
BiochemistryThe principal role of Vitamin E in the prevention of oxidative damage is to potentiate the action of superoxide dismutase
39706
Biochemistry
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that
is synthesized in the body from the amino acid tyrosine. Tyrosine is a
non-essential amino acid, which means that it can be synthesized in the body
from phenylalanine, another essential amino acid. The synthesis of epinephrine
occurs in two main steps:
1. Hydroxylation of tyrosine: Tyrosine is converted into dihydroxyphenylalanine
(DOPA) by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. This is the rate-limiting step in the
synthesis of epinephrine.
2. Decarboxylation and further hydroxylation: DOPA is then decarboxylated to
form dopamine, which is further hydroxylated to produce norepinephrine.
Norepinephrine is the immediate precursor of epinephrine.
3. Formation of epinephrine: Norepinephrine is methylated by the enzyme
phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and converted into epinephrine.
The other amino acids listed are not directly involved in the synthesis of
epinephrine:
1. Valine and Leucine are branched-chain amino acids that are primarily involved
in the metabolism of muscles and energy production.
2. Cysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is important for the
synthesis of proteins with disulfide bridges and is a precursor for other
molecules like glutathione and taurine, but not directly involved in the
synthesis of epinephrine.
82700
Biochemistry
Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood
cells or a reduction in their oxygen-carrying capacity. Vitamin B12 and folic
acid are essential for the production of red blood cells. Deficiencies in these
vitamins can lead to megaloblastic anemia, where the bone marrow produces
abnormally large and immature red blood cells.
42310
BiochemistryRate limiting step of Kreb's cycle is catalysed by isocitrate dehydrogenase
62959
BiochemistryTyrosine is Aromatic amino acid
82127
Biochemistry
Following digestion, the products of digestion enter the bloodstream.
These include glucose, amino acids, triacylglycerides packaged into chylomicrons from the intestine, and very low density lipoproteins from the liver.
The hormone of anabolism, insulin, is also elevated because of the signaling of the glucose and amino acids in the blood, which allows release of insulin from the β-cells of the pancreas. Insulin aids the movement of glucose and amino acids into cells. In contrast, all the hormones and energy sources associated with catabolism are decreased in the blood during this time. Long-chain fatty acids and glycerol released by lipolysis from adipocytes are not elevated. Glucagon and epinephrine are not released. The only time glucose levels rise significantly above approximately 80 mM is following a well-balanced meal when glucose is obtained from the diet. The concentration of glucose reaches a peak 30 to 45 minutes after a meal and returns to normal within 2 hours after eating. This response of blood glucose after eating (mimicked by giving 50 g of oral glucose) is the basis for the glucose tolerance test. In the event of insulin deficiency (diabetes mellitus), the peak glucose concentration is abnormally high and its return to normal is delayed.
79834
BiochemistryGlucose can be synthesised from Glyerol, Acetoacetate, Lactic acid