MDS PREP
What is the primary function of the neck in a sperm cell?
1) It connects the head and tail of the sperm
2) It produces the sperm's energy for movement
3) It is responsible for the fertilization process
4) It contains the cell's genetic material
The primary function of the neck in a sperm cell is to connect the head and tail of the sperm, facilitating movement and energy transfer.
What is the primary mechanism of bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule?
1) Passive diffusion
2) Active transport
3) Combination with hydrogen ions
4) Co-transport with sodium
The primary mechanism of bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule involves combination with hydrogen ions, forming carbonic acid, which is then converted to water and carbon dioxide.
What is the transport maximum for glucose reabsorption in the kidneys?
1) 125 mg/min
2) 250 mg/min
3) 375 mg/min
4) 500 mg/min
The transport maximum for glucose reabsorption in the kidneys is about 375 mg/min, which indicates the maximum amount of glucose that can be reabsorbed before it appears in the urine.
What is the osmolarity of the tubular fluid leaving the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
1) 300mOsm/L
2) 100mOsm/L
3) 1200mOsm/L
4) 50mOsm/L
The osmolarity of the tubular fluid leaving the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is 100mOsm/L, as it is impermeable to water and reabsorbs solutes.
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
1) Control of sympathetic nervous system
2) Control of visceral functions during rest and digestion
3) Control of musculoskeletal system during rest
4) Control of sensory systems during stress
The parasympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for the "rest and digest" functions, which include the regulation of the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, and other visceral activities that are not directly involved in movement or emergency response.
Which type of receptors are involved in the contraction of the detrusor muscle during micturition?
1) Muscarinic receptors
2) Adrenergic receptors
3) Dopaminergic receptors
4) Serotonergic receptors
The contraction of the detrusor muscle during micturition is mediated by the activation of muscarinic receptors (specifically M3 receptors) on the smooth muscle cells of the detrusor. This leads to increased muscle tone and the expulsion of urine from the bladder.
What is the effect of fluorescent lighting on detecting scleral icterus?
1) It enhances the visibility of scleral icterus.
2) It does not affect the visibility of scleral icterus.
3) It makes it more difficult to detect scleral icterus.
4) It causes a false-positive result for scleral icterus.
Fluorescent lighting enhances the visibility of scleral icterus, making it easier to detect jaundice.
What is the role of ghrelin in the control of food intake?
1) It stimulates the release of growth hormone
2) It suppresses the secretion of gastric acid
3) It inhibits food intake
4) It increases the sensation of hunger
Ghrelin increases the sensation of hunger, stimulating appetite and food intake, particularly before meals.