MDS PREP
Dry mouth during antidepressant therapy is caused by blockade of:
1) Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
2) Serotonergic receptors.
3) Dopaminergic receptors.
4) GABA receptors.
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Anticholinergic side effect of antidepressant leads to dry mouth in the patients on these drugs.
Dry mouth is due to the Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonism of these drugs.
In Dicumarol poisoning which Vit K is used
1) Menadione
2) Menaqunone
3) Phytonadione
4) None of the above
Pharmacology Answer: 3
To reverse the effect of overdose of oral anticoagulants:
Phytonadione (K1) is the preparation of choice, because it acts most rapidly, dose depends on the severity of upoprothrombinemia & bleeding.
Drug class causing free water clearance:
a) Diuretic
b) Saluretic
c) Uricosuric
d) Aquaretic
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Vasopressin antagonists like tolvaptan are aquaretics
The antibiotic of choice in acute epiglottitis culture sensitivity report is -
1. Erythromycin
2. Rolitetracycline
3. Doxycycline
4. Ampicillin
Pharmacology
Answer: 4
Ampicillin is the antibiotic of choice for acute epiglottitis based on culture sensitivity.
All of the following statements are true regarding the cephalosporin
antibiotics except
1). they are bactericidal
2). they are ineffective against gram negative microorganisms
3). they are potentially cross allergenic with penicillin
4). they are resistant to penicillinase
Pharmacology Answer: 2
cephalosporin are bactericidal, are potentially cross allergenic with penicillin, resistant to penicillinase
Which of the following is the first drug to be prescribed in status asthmaticus?
1) Salbutamol
2) Humidified oxygen inhalation
3) Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate
4) Sodium bicarbonate infusion
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Status asthmaticus/Refractory asthma
Any patient of asthma is susceptible to develop acute severe asthma which may be life-threatening. Upper respiratory tract infection is the most common precipitant.
(i) Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate 100 mg (or equivalent dose of another glucocorticoid) i.v. stat, followed by 100-200 mg 4-8 hourly infusion; may take upto 6 hours to act.
(ii) Nebulized salbutamol (2.5-5 mg) + ipratropium bromide (0.5 mg) intermittent inhalations driven by O2 .
(iii) High flow humidified oxygen inhalation
(iv) Salbutamol/terbutaline 0.4 mg i.m./s.c. may be added since inhaled drug might not get to smaller bronchi owing to severe narrowing/plugging with secretions
(v) Intubation and mechanical ventilation if needed
(vi) intensive antibiotic therapy to be used for treating chest infection
(vii) Treat dehydration and acidosis with saline + sod. Bicarbonate/lactate infusion.
Penicillins:
1) Are the antibiotic of choice for anaerobic infections
2) Are bacteriostatic
3) Are protagonistic to tetracycline
4) Interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis
Pharmacology Answer: 4
The penicillins all act by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis, by inhibiting cross-linking of the mucopeptides in the cell wall and as such are bacteriocidal. Bacteria are attacked when cells are dividing and so in theory antibiotics that are bacteriostatic would decrease the efficacy of bacteriocidal drugs. However, this doesn’t often cause a problem but tetracycline and penicillin are antagonistic and should not be used at the same time. Metronidazole is the antibiotic of choice for anaerobic infections.
Which of the following antiviral drugs cannot be given orally?
1) Zidovudine
2) Zalcitabine
3) Acyclovir
4) Iodoxuridine
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Idoxuridine acts as an antiviral agent against DNA viruses by inhibiting thymidilate phosphorylase and viral DNA polymerases.
The effect of Idoxuridine results in the inability of the virus to reproduce or to infect/destroy tissue.
This product is available in the following dosage forms:Solution and Ointment