MDS PREP
What is the function of Intrinsic Factor in the gastric glands?
1) It neutralizes gastric acid
2) It secretes pepsin
3) It assists in the absorption of vitamin B12
4) It stimulates the release of gastrin
Intrinsic Factor in the gastric glands assists in the absorption of vitamin B12, which is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function.
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system during rest and digest conditions?
1) Stimulation of the heart and increased cardiac output
2) Constriction of blood vessels in the GI tract
3) Diverting blood flow to skeletal muscles
4) Decreasing heart rate and promoting gastrointestinal activity
Answer: 4) Decreasing heart rate and promoting gastrointestinal activityExplanation: The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" functions. It slows the heart rate, constricts pupils, and stimulates digestive processes such as increased salivation, gastric acid secretion, and gastrointestinal motility.
The first sensation of bladder filling occurs at approximately:
1) 150 ml
2) 250 ml
3) 450 ml
4) 750 ml
The first sensation of bladder filling, known as the first sensation of urgency, typically occurs when the bladder is about one-quarter full, which is around 150 ml. This is the point where an individual begins to become aware of the need to urinate.
Which of the following is NOT a secondary bile acid?
1) Cholic acid
2) Deoxycholic acid
3) Lithocholic acid
4) Chenodeoxycholic acid
Cholic acid is NOT a secondary bile acid; it is a primary bile acid synthesized in the liver from cholesterol.
What is the primary stimulus for the secretion of Secretin?
1) High blood glucose levels
2) Low pH in the duodenal lumen
3) The presence of fatty acids and amino acids in the duodenal lumen
4) Stretching of the duodenal wall
The primary stimulus for the secretion of Secretin is low pH in the duodenal lumen, which indicates the presence of acidic chyme.
What is the condition characterized by the lack of intrinsic factor, leading to vitamin B12 malabsorption?
1) Pernicious anemia
2) Celiac disease
3) Lactose intolerance
4) Crohn's disease
Pernicious anemia is characterized by the lack of intrinsic factor, leading to vitamin B12 malabsorption and subsequent anemia.
Which vitamin is the most important antioxidant in the body, acting in the lipid phase of membranes?
1) Vitamin C
2) Vitamin A
3) Vitamin E (tocopherol)
4) Vitamin B
Vitamin E (tocopherol) is the most important antioxidant in the body, acting in the lipid phase of membranes to protect against oxidative damage.
What is the role of gastrin in the gastric phase of acid secretion?
1) It is released by the pancreas and stimulates acid secretion in the stomach
2) It is released by the duodenum and inhibits acid secretion
3) It is released by the stomach and stimulates acid secretion in response to food
4) It has no role in gastric acid secretion
Physiology
Answer: 3
Gastrin is released from G cells in the antral mucosa of the stomach in response to the presence of food. It stimulates the parietal cells of the stomach to secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, contributing to the gastric phase of acid secretion.