MDS PREP
One variant of hidebound disease is which syndrome?
1. Down"s syndrome
2. Crest syndrome
3. Greenspan"s syndrome
4. Kleinfelter"s syndrome
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Crest syndrome is a variant of hidebound disease.
A 25-year-old woman presents with a painful, red, swollen, and tender area on the dorsum of her foot. She reports a recent injury while playing sports. The area is warm to the touch and has a well-defined border. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Osteomyelitis
2) Cellulitis
3) Gout
4) Plantar wart
Cellulitis is the most likely diagnosis for a painful, red, swollen area on the foot with a recent injury.
Bell"s palsy is triggered by
1. Exposure to cold
2. Tooth extraction
3. Local and systemic infection
4. Any of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 4
Bell's palsy can be triggered by exposure to cold, tooth extraction, or infections.
Indirect chemical carcinogens differ from direct acting agents in those
indirect agents:
1. Induce carcinogenicity without chemical transformation
2. Induce carcinogenicity after chemical transformation
3. Don’t require metabolic conversion
4. None of the above
Pathology Answer: 2
Indirect chemical carcinogens differ from direct acting agents in that they
require metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects. This means
that indirect carcinogens must undergo a chemical transformation within the body
before they can damage DNA and induce cancer. Direct acting carcinogens, on the
other hand, can interact directly with DNA without the need for metabolic
conversion. Therefore, the correct answer is:
2. Induce carcinogenicity after chemical transformation
1. Induce carcinogenicity without chemical transformation: This statement is
incorrect for indirect chemical carcinogens. Indirect carcinogens are typically
non-reactive or less reactive in their original form and must undergo metabolic
activation to become DNA-reactive. This metabolic conversion is crucial for
their carcinogenic potential.
2. Induce carcinogenicity after chemical transformation: This is the correct
explanation. Indirect carcinogens require metabolic activation by the body's
enzyme systems, particularly phase I enzymes such as cytochrome P450, to convert
them into electrophilic or reactive intermediates that can interact with DNA.
This activation process can occur in various tissues, often the liver, where
these enzymes are present. The reactive metabolites then form DNA adducts, which
can lead to mutations and ultimately cancer if not repaired properly by the
cell's DNA repair mechanisms.
3. Don’t require metabolic conversion: This statement is incorrect. Indirect
carcinogens do require metabolic conversion to become active carcinogens. It is
the direct acting carcinogens that can interact with DNA without the need for
such activation because they are already electrophilic or reactive in their
original form.
Quantity of the X-ray beam is governed by
1. kVp
2. mAs
3. Filament current
4. Length of the X-ray tube
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Quantity of the X-ray beam is governed by mAs (milliampere-seconds).
Prodromal symptomos precede 1 to 2 days before the onset of disease in
1) Viral fever
2) Erythema multiforme
3) Pemphigus
4) Pemphigoid
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Explanation: Prodromal symptoms are early signs that precede the full onset of a disease. In the case of viral fevers, patients often experience nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, fatigue, and low-grade fever 1 to 2 days before the more specific symptoms of the viral infection appear.
Commonly used collimating device
1. Aluminium filter
2. Lead diaphragm
3. Molybdenum cup
4. Tungsten filament
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Lead diaphragms are commonly used collimating devices.
The peripheral blood smear of a patient shows features of thalassemia, also presented with anemia. Family history is also +ve. The investigation was done to establish the diagnosis is -
1) ESR estimation
2) Blood spherocyte estimation
3) Bone marrow aspiration
4) Hb-electrophoresis
General Pathology
Answer: 4
Hb-electrophoresis is the investigation done to establish the diagnosis of thalassemia, as it separates different hemoglobin types based on their charge.