MDS PREP
What type of aphasia is associated with lesions in the temporal lobe's auditory association area?
1) Broca's aphasia
2) Wernicke's aphasia
3) Global aphasia
4) Sensory aphasia
Wernicke's aphasia is associated with lesions in the temporal lobe's auditory association area, particularly Brodmann's area 22. It is characterized by fluent speech with impaired comprehension and repetition.
What is the primary component of the glomerular filtration barrier?
1) Glomerular capillary endothelium
2) Basement membrane
3) Bowman's capsule
4) Podocytes
E) All of the above
The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of the glomerular capillary endothelium, the basement membrane, and the podocytes (Bowman's visceral epithelium). These three layers work together to filter blood and form the glomerular filtrate, which then enters the renal tubules.
Which type of autonomic nerve fibers are primarily involved in the pupillary light reflex?
1) Muscarinic
2) Adrenergic
3) Nicotinic
4) GABAergic
The pupillary light reflex is mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system, which uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter and acts on muscarinic receptors. The contraction of the sphincter pupillae muscle, which is innervated by the parasympathetic system, results in pupil constriction (miosis) in response to light.
What is the role of ghrelin in the control of food intake?
1) It stimulates the release of growth hormone
2) It suppresses the secretion of gastric acid
3) It inhibits food intake
4) It increases the sensation of hunger
Ghrelin increases the sensation of hunger, stimulating appetite and food intake, particularly before meals.
The gastrocolic reflex is:
1) The contraction of the stomach triggered by the presence of food in the duodenum
2) The contraction of the small intestine triggered by the presence of food in the stomach
3) The contraction of the rectum triggered by the presence of food in the stomach
4) The contraction of the gallbladder triggered by the presence of food in the small intestine
The gastrocolic reflex is a physiological response where the distension of the stomach by food initiates contractions in the rectum, often leading to the urge to defecate.
How does the cerebellum contribute to motor coordination?
1) By timing and comparing the duration of agonist muscle activity and latency of antagonist activity
2) By directly controlling the force of muscle contraction
3 ) By regulating the rate of nerve impulse conduction in motor neurons
4) By initiating voluntary movement
The cerebellum is crucial for the coordination of movement. It receives signals from the motor cortex about the intended movement and the actual position of the limb through climbing fibers. By timing these signals, it helps to stop the movement at the correct point by inhibiting the agonist muscles and stimulating the antagonist muscles.
Which of the following hormones is not a member of the gastrin family?
1) Cholecystokinin
2) Secretin
3) Gastrin
4) GIP
E) VIP
The gastrin family includes gastrin, cholecystokinin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). Secretin belongs to the secretin family, which includes secretin, glucagon, and VIP. These two families are structurally similar but have distinct functions in the regulation of digestive processes.
What is the primary site of bilirubin deposition in tissues during jaundice?
1) The liver
2) The spleen
3) The skin and sclera
4) The pancreas
The primary site of bilirubin deposition in tissues during jaundice is the skin and sclera, leading to yellowing.