MDS PREP
The active immunity offered by tetanus toxoid is effectively in nearly:
1. 25 % of the patients.
2. 50 % of the patients.
3. 75 % of the patients.
4. 100 % of the patients.
Microbiology
Answer: 4
80 - 100 % so nearly 100 -- 75 % also equally correct
Which of the following statements about the fermentation of sugars by Anthracoid bacilli is true?
1) Anthracoid bacilli ferment glucose, maltose, lactose, and sucrose, producing acid and gas.
2) Anthracoid bacilli do not ferment glucose but ferment maltose, lactose, and sucrose.
3) Anthracoid bacilli only ferment glucose.
4) Anthracoid bacilli ferment glucose, maltose, and lactose, but not sucrose.
Anthracoid bacilli ferment glucose, maltose, lactose, and sucrose, producing acid and gas.
What type of genome do Hepatitis B viruses have?
1) ssRNA
2) dsDNA
3) ssDNA
4) dsRNA
General Microbiology Answer: 2Hepatitis B viruses possess a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome, which is unique among the hepatitis viruses. This dsDNA is partially double-stranded and circular, playing a crucial role in the virus life cycle and replication.
The first person becoming sick in an epidemic is called -
1. Primary case
2. Source of infection
3. Reservoir of infection
4. Index case
Microbiology
Answer: 4
The first recognized case in an epidemic outbreak is termed as the index case. Although both the index case and primary case appear to be the same yet they differ slightly. The term primary case refers to the person who first brings a disease into a group of people.
What is the name of the live oral vaccine for typhoid fever and what is its mechanism of action?
1) Typhoral, a Gal E mutant of S. typhi that "self-destructs" after a few cell divisions
2) CholeraVax, a killed whole-cell vaccine
3) Salmonellosis vaccine, a live attenuated strain of S. paratyphi
4) Shigellosis vaccine, a bacteriophage preparation
General Microbiology Answer: 1the live oral vaccine for typhoid fever is Typhoralx, which is a Gal E mutant of S. typhi. The mechanism of action involves the attenuated bacteria colonizing the intestinal mucosa and inducing an immune response that protects against subsequent infection with the pathogenic strain.
Which of the following describes the colony morphology of Bacillus anthracis on an agar plate?
1) Smooth and shiny
2) Irregularly round with a frosted glass appearance
3) Small and translucent
4) Large and mucoid
Bacillus anthracis colonies on an agar plate typically appear irregularly round with a frosted glass appearance.
Which test uses live Treponema pallidum as the antigen?
1) TPA test
2) TPI test
3) FTA test
4) TPHA test
General Microbiology Answer: 2
TPI test: The Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI) test involves using live T. pallidum as an antigen to detect antibodies in the patient's blood serum.
The most efficient method of sterilization in dental practice is
1. ultraviolet radiation
2. moist heat at 121°C for 20 min
3. boiling for 20 mm
4. dry heat at 40° C for 2 hours
Microbiology
Answer: 2
The most efficient method of sterilization in dental practice is moist heat at 121°C for 20 min