MDS PREP
The minimum and maximum temperature for normal metabolic
activity microorganisms that live on or within the human body is
1 50 C
to 300 C
2 200 C to 450
C
3. 300 C to 400
C
4. 15 C to 600
C
Microbiology Answer: 2
The minimum and maximum temperature for normal metabolic activity microorganisms that live on or within the human body is 20° C to 45°C
What is the diameter of prions?
1) 2-4 nm
2) 4-6 nm
3) 10-12 nm
4) 20-25 nm
General Microbiology Answer: 2Prions are extremely small infectious agents, typically measuring between 4 to 6 nanometers in diameter. Their small size contributes to their ability to evade the immune system and resist conventional sterilization methods.
What is the primary reservoir for prions?
1) Bacteria
2) Viruses
3) Proteinaceous particles
4) Nucleic acids
General Microbiology Answer: 3Prions are infectious agents composed solely of protein. They do not have nucleic acids like DNA or RNA and are responsible for several neurodegenerative diseases. The primary reservoir for prions is thus the proteinaceous particles themselves.
What is the primary cause of cutaneous anthrax?
1) Inhalation of spores
2) Entry through the skin
3) Ingestion of contaminated food
4) Contact with infected animals
Cutaneous anthrax is primarily caused by entry through the skin, often through abrasions or cuts.
The main tool for detection of "cases" of tuberculosis is -
1. Sputum examination
2. Mantoux test
3. Chest X-ray
4. All of the above
Microbiology
Answer: 1
The main tool for the detection of "cases" of tuberculosis is 1.
Sputum examination.
Explanation of Each Option:
Sputum examination: This is the primary method for
diagnosing active pulmonary tuberculosis. Sputum samples are collected and
examined for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through
microscopy (e.g., acid-fast bacilli staining) and culture methods. It is
considered the gold standard for confirming active TB cases.
Mantoux test: Also known as the tuberculin skin test,
this test is used to determine if a person has been exposed to the
tuberculosis bacteria. However, it does not diagnose active TB; rather, it
indicates whether a person has been infected with the bacteria at some
point.
Chest X-ray: While chest X-rays are important for
identifying lung abnormalities associated with tuberculosis and can support
the diagnosis, they are not definitive for detecting the bacteria itself.
They are often used in conjunction with sputum examination.
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of orthomyxoviruses?
1) Single linear RNA
2) 80-120 nm in size
3) Hemolysin present
4) Cytoplasmic replication
General Microbiology Answer: 2Orthomyxoviruses, which include the influenza viruses, are characterized by their single-stranded RNA genome. This feature distinguishes them from other virus families that may have different types of genetic material. Orthomyxoviruses are distinguished by their single linear RNA genome, which is essential for their replication and pathogenicity.
What is the typical stool color in bacillary dysentery?
1) Dark red
2) Bright red
3) Yellow
4) Green
General Microbiology Answer: 2Bacillary dysentery, primarily caused by Shigella species, is known for producing stool that is typically bright red in color due to the presence of blood and inflammatory cells. The intense red color is a result of the invasive nature of the bacteria, which damage the intestinal lining leading to bloody diarrhea.
Which of the following statements is true about the colony morphology and cultural characteristics of Anthrax bacilli?
1) Anthrax bacilli are motile and produce a turbidity in broth.
2) The Medusa head appearance is seen in non-virulent strains of anthrax bacilli.
3) Virulent capsulated strains form smooth colonies.
4) The inverted fir tree appearance is characteristic of Anthracoid bacilli.
The Medusa head appearance is characteristic of virulent strains of anthrax bacilli, not non-virulent strains.