MDS PREP
In Ellis classification of injured teeth a class IV represents
1. Non-vital tooth
2. Avulsed tooth
3. Fracture involving only the enamel
4. Fracture involving enamel and dentin but not pulp
Endodontics
Answer: 1
Explanation: Class IV in the Ellis classification indicates a fracture that has
resulted in pulp exposure, often leading to a non-vital tooth.
Class IV: Crown Fracture with Pulp Involvement
Description: Extensive fracture involving enamel, dentin, and pulp, often with significant loss of tooth structure.Endodontic Consideration: Endodontic treatment is necessary due to pulp exposure. The tooth may require additional restorative procedures after root canal therapy to restore function and aesthetics.
Which of the following is NOT a secondary bile acid?
1) Cholic acid
2) Deoxycholic acid
3) Lithocholic acid
4) Chenodeoxycholic acid
Cholic acid is NOT a secondary bile acid; it is a primary bile acid synthesized in the liver from cholesterol.
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of valvular heart disease?
1) Shortness of breath
2) Rapid heartbeat
3) Chest discomfort
4) Abnormal body temperature
Valvular heart disease symptoms typically include weakness on exertion, rapid heartbeat, chest discomfort, and fainting spells. However, an abnormal body temperature is not a common symptom associated with valvular heart disease.