MDS PREP
What is the primary function of the somatic sensory area of the parietal lobe?
1) Auditory perception
2) Visual perception
3) Somatic sensation interpretation
4) Olfactory perception
The somatic sensory area of the parietal lobe, particularly Brodmann's areas 3, 1, and 2, is involved in the interpretation of tactile, proprioceptive, and other sensory information from the body.
What is the primary mechanism of sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts?
1) Passive diffusion
2) Active transport with sodium-potassium ATPase pump
3) Facilitated diffusion
4) Countercurrent exchange with hydrogen ions
The primary mechanism of sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts is active transport with the sodium-potassium ATPase pump.
The first heart sound relates to
1. Closure of the A-V valves
2. Opening of the A-V valves
3. Excitation of the auricles
4. Closure of the aortic valve
Physiology
Answer: 2
The first heart sound relates to Opening of the A-V valves
MCQ: The physiological capacity of the bladder, at which micturition is normally effected, ranges between:
1) 150 ml - 250 ml
2) 250 ml - 450 ml
3) 450 ml - 750 ml
4) 750 ml - 1000 ml
The physiological capacity of the bladder, at which micturition is normally effected, ranges between 250 ml - 450 ml, indicating the volume at which the urge to urinate is felt.
What is the significance of the latch effect in smooth muscle contraction?
1) It allows for rapid contraction and relaxation
2) It prevents the muscle from fully relaxing between contractions
3) It is responsible for the generation of the resting membrane potential
4) It is not relevant to the function of smooth muscles
Answer: 2) It prevents the muscle from fully relaxing between contractionsExplanation: The latch effect in smooth muscles refers to the ability of phosphorylated myosin heads to maintain their attachment to actin filaments even after calcium levels decrease, thus preventing full relaxation without further calcium influx. This sustained contraction with minimal energy expenditure is a characteristic feature of smooth muscles.
MCQ: The average time required for spermatogenesis in humans is:
1) 30 days
2) 42 days
3) 74 days
4) 120 days
The average time required for spermatogenesis in humans is approximately 74 days, during which sperm cells develop from spermatogonia to mature spermatozoa.
What is the normal ratio of glycine to taurine conjugates of bile acids in the bile?
1) 1:1
2) 2:1
3) 3:1
4) 4:1
The normal ratio of glycine to taurine conjugates of bile acids in the bile is approximately 3:1, reflecting the different conjugation patterns of bile acids.
What is the threshold for glucose excretion in the urine in a healthy individual?
1) 100 mg/100 ml
2) 180 mg/100 ml
3) 200 mg/100 ml
4) 250 mg/100 ml
The threshold for glucose excretion in the urine in a healthy individual is approximately 180 mg/100 ml, above which glucose appears in the urine.