Patients with end-stage renal disease are at increased risk during tooth extraction due to several factors. They often have an increased tendency to bleed due to platelet dysfunction and are susceptible to infections due to compromised immunity. Additionally, they are often on steroid therapy, which can affect wound healing and increase the risk of infection.

The mental foramen is found on the buccal aspect of the mandible, typically between the first and second premolars or the second premolar and the first molar. The opening of the mental foramen is directed backward and lateral, allowing the mental nerve to exit and innervate the lower lip and chin.

To luxate a tooth with forceps, the movements should be firm and deliberate primarily to the facial surface with secondary movements to the lingual surface.

Intraligamentary anaesthesia is the preferred local anaesthetic technique for haemophilics.

Under general anaesthesia, a patient needs a 4 * 4 gauge.