The muscle least related to the pterygomandibular raphe is the lateral pterygoid. The pterygomandibular raphe primarily connects the superior pharyngeal constrictor and the buccinator muscles, while the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles are involved in the movement of the jaw but do not have a direct attachment to the raphe. Here’s a breakdown of the relationships:

Muscle Relationships to the Pterygomandibular Raphe

• Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor:

  • Attaches to the posterior margin of the pterygomandibular raphe.

  • Plays a role in swallowing and constricting the pharynx.

• Medial Pterygoid:

  • While not directly attached, it is located near the pterygomandibular raphe and contributes to jaw movement.

• Lateral Pterygoid:

  • Least related to the pterygomandibular raphe.

  • Primarily involved in moving the jaw forward and side to side, with no direct attachment to the raphe.

• Buccinator:

  • Attaches to the anterior margin of the pterygomandibular raphe.

  • Important for chewing and keeping food between the teeth.

The palatine bone articulates with all of the following except a.sphenoid b. ethmoid c. zygomatic d. maxilla

Facial Artery:

1: True, it has cervical and facial portions.

2: True, it arises from the external carotid artery above the lingual artery.

3: True, it crosses the mandible at the anterior edge of the masseter muscle.

4: False, the cervical portion lies beneath the platysma, but the facial portion does not exactly lie "superficial in the carotid triangle"; rather, the facial artery travels more superficially than the cervical part in its course.

The parasympathetic fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion come from greater petrosal nerve

The medial pterygoid muscle is attached to the medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate