MDS PREP
A patient has a prolonged PTT and normal PT. Which coagulation factor deficiency is most likely?
1) Factor VIII deficiency
2) Factor V deficiency
3) Factor II deficiency
4) Factor X deficiency
The PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) is prolonged in deficiencies of factors VIII, IX, and XII, which are part of the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. Since factor VIII deficiency is more common and is associated with a bleeding diathesis, it is the most likely deficiency in this scenario.
Which of the following is NOT a primary glomerular disease that can cause nephrotic syndrome?
1) Membranous nephropathy
2) Minimal change disease
3) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
4) Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic disease with renal manifestations that can cause nephrotic syndrome, but it is not a primary glomerular disease. The primary glomerular diseases listed that can lead to nephrotic syndrome are membranous nephropathy, minimal-change disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
As opposed to lobar pneumonia bronchopneumonia is characterised grossly and microscopically by
1) Patchy inflammatory distribution
2) Organization of alveolar exudates
3) Diffuse inflammatory distribution
4) Inflammation of bronchus
General Medicine
Answer: 1
As opposed to lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia is characterized grossly and microscopically by patchy inflammatory distribution
What is the typical presentation of a "brown tumor" in a patient with hyperparathyroidism?
1) Well-circumscribed, lytic lesion in the skull
2) Expansile, osteolytic lesion in the long bones
3) Well-circumscribed, dark brown area in the region of severe bone resorption
4) Osteoblastic lesion with increased bone density
Brown tumors are benign fibro-osseous lesions that occur in the context of hyperparathyroidism due to increased osteoclast activity and bone resorption. They are typically seen in areas of high bone turnover.
Lung involvement in chronic bronchitis is
1) Bilateral
2) Segmental
3) Lobar
4) Unilateral
General Medicine
Answer: 1
Lung involvement in chronic bronchitis is bilateral
Heimlich manoeuver is carried out in
1) Syncope
2) Airway obstruction
3) Carotid blow out
4) Cardiac arrest
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Heimlich manoeuver is carried out in airway obstruction
What is the most common non-CNS manifestation of Wilson’s disease?
1) Hepatic cirrhosis
2) Cardiac dysfunction
3) Pancreatitis
4) Arthritis
While CNS manifestations are prominent in Wilson’s disease, hepatic cirrhosis is the most common non-CNS manifestation. It occurs due to the deposition of copper in the liver, leading to chronic liver damage.
The diagnostic laboratory finding in nephrotic syndrome
1) Elevated blood urea
2) Severe anaemia
3) Massive albuminuria
4) Hyperglycaemia
General Medicine
Answer: 3
Massive albuminuria, characterized by excess protein in urine, is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome, alongside edema and hyperlipidemia.