MDS PREP
In which of the following conditions is the prevalence of nephrotic syndrome more common in children than in adults?
1) Membranous nephropathy
2) Minimal-change disease
3) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Minimal-change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, with a prevalence of 65%. In contrast, it is less common in adults, affecting only 10% of cases.
Crackling crepitations unaltered by coughing is characteristic of
1) Pulmonary tuberculosis
2) Interstitial lung disease
3) Klebsiella pneumonia
4) Lung abscess
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Crackling crepitations unaltered by coughing is characteristic of interstitial lung disease
A 50-year-old male with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with sudden onset of severe, painful, and reddened skin on the dorsum of his foot. His blood glucose is 350 mg/dL. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Cellulitis
2) Diabetic neuropathic ulcer
3) Pyoderma gangrenosum
4) Erythema multiforme
The sudden onset of pain, redness, and swelling of the skin, particularly in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes, suggests a bacterial infection such as cellulitis.
Lung involvement in chronic bronchitis is
1) Bilateral
2) Segmental
3) Lobar
4) Unilateral
General Medicine
Answer: 1
Lung involvement in chronic bronchitis is bilateral
What is the primary mechanism of action of Shiga-like toxins produced by EHEC?
1) Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes
2) Induces lipid peroxidation in cell membranes
3) Increases intracellular cAMP
4) Induces endothelial cell damage
Shiga-like toxins produced by EHEC bind to ribosomes in target cells, particularly endothelial cells, and inhibit protein synthesis. This leads to cell damage and contributes to the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
What is the most common cause of death in patients with anaphylactic shock?
1) Respiratory failure due to bronchoconstriction
2) Cardiac arrest due to arrhythmias
3) Seizures
4) Stroke
The most common cause of death in anaphylactic shock is respiratory failure resulting from bronchoconstriction and laryngeal edema. Immediate airway management and bronchodilation are critical in the treatment of anaphylaxis.
What is the most common serosal cavity involved in SLE?
1) Pleural cavity
2) Pericardial cavity
3) Peritoneal cavity
4) Peripheral synovial membranes
Pleurisy, or inflammation of the pleural lining, is the most common serosal involvement in SLE. This can lead to pleural effusions and chest pain.
What is the primary function of intrinsic factor in the absorption of vitamin B12?
1) Facilitating its release from food in the stomach
2) Enhancing intestinal absorption of free vitamin B12
3) Catalyzing the conversion of dietary vitamin B12 to its active form
4) Binding to vitamin B12 for its transport in the bloodstream
Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by parietal cells in the stomach. It binds to vitamin B12 in the stomach and facilitates its absorption in the ileum.