MDS PREP
What is the most common non-CNS manifestation of Wilson’s disease?
1) Hepatic cirrhosis
2) Cardiac dysfunction
3) Pancreatitis
4) Arthritis
While CNS manifestations are prominent in Wilson’s disease, hepatic cirrhosis is the most common non-CNS manifestation. It occurs due to the deposition of copper in the liver, leading to chronic liver damage.
What is the typical inheritance pattern of Hemophilia A?
1) Autosomal recessive
2) Autosomal dominant
3) Sex-linked recessive
4) Sex-linked dominant
Hemophilia A is typically inherited in a sex-linked recessive pattern, meaning it is caused by a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome. Males are more commonly affected since they have only one X chromosome, while females with one normal and one affected X chromosome are usually carriers and may exhibit mild symptoms.
Most common symptom of pulmonary embolism
1) Chest pain
2) Dyspnoea
3) Haemoptysis
4) Cough
General Medicine
Answer: 2
The most common symptom of pulmonary embolism is dyspnoea
What is the primary function of transferrin in the body?
1) Transport of iron
2) Transport of copper
3) Binding and transport of thyroid hormones
4) Lipoprotein assembly
Transferrin is a glycoprotein synthesized by the liver that acts as the primary iron-transport protein in the blood. It binds to iron and transfers it to cells that require it, such as erythrocytes for hemoglobin synthesis.
When prescribing for a patient of renal failure, the elimination of drug from the kidney in the case of renal impairment all the following are correct except
1) Creatinine clearance is taken as guide
2) The normal main dose is given if the drug is being metabolized
3) The time to reach to steady state plasma concentration is the same as in patients with normal renal function
4) None of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 3
In renal impairment, the time to reach steady-state plasma concentration generally differs from that in patients with normal renal function due to altered clearance; hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
What is the primary mechanism by which alcohol induces lipid peroxidation in the liver?
1) Through the production of acetaldehyde
2) By increasing microsomal ethanol oxidizing activity
3) Through the generation of reactive oxygen species
4) By inhibiting antioxidant enzymes
Alcohol induces lipid peroxidation primarily by generating reactive oxygen species during its metabolism by the cytochrome P450 system in the liver. These free radicals can damage cell membranes and organelles.
What is the diagnostic criterion for chronic kidney disease?
1) Presence of proteinuria for over 3 months
2) A decrease in GRF for over 3 months
3) Structural damage of the kidney with decreased function
4) Both A and B
Chronic kidney disease is typically diagnosed by the presence of persistent proteinuria or a decreased glomerular filtration rate for over 3 months, along with evidence of kidney damage.
What is the primary treatment for hypertension in the nephrotic syndrome?
1) Diuretics
2) Corticosteroids
3) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
4) Antihypertensive medications
ACE inhibitors are the primary treatment for hypertension in the nephrotic syndrome as they help reduce proteinuria, decrease intraglomerular pressure, and preserve renal function by blocking the angiotensin-aldosterone system.