MDS PREP
What is the difference between neurolept analgesia and neurolept anesthesia?
(1) Neurolept anesthesia includes the administration of nitrous oxide
(2) Neurolept analgesia is a surgical anesthesia technique
(3) Neurolept anesthesia produces a conscious state
(4) There is no difference
Neurolept analgesia is a state of sedation and analgesia produced by the combined use of a neuroleptic agent and a narcotic analgesic. Neurolept anesthesia, on the other hand, includes the administration of nitrous oxide along with the neuroleptic agent and narcotic analgesic, which induces a deeper state of unconsciousness and is used for certain surgical procedures. The addition of nitrous oxide enhances the overall anesthetic effect.
In the treatment of herpes labialis (cold sores), which medication is not available in a cream formulation?
(1) Acyclovir
(2) Penciclovir
(3) Docosanol
(4) Lysine
Penciclovir is the correct answer as it is not available in a cream formulation. Acyclovir and docosanol are available in cream formulations for the treatment of cold sores. Lysine is an amino acid supplement that may help reduce the frequency of herpes outbreaks but is not a medication specifically designed to treat herpes labialis.
What is the most commonly damaged heart valve in rheumatic heart disease?
1) Aortic valve
2) Mitral valve
3) Tricuspid valve
4) Pulmonary valve
Rheumatic heart disease is most commonly associated with damage to the mitral valve, which is situated between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing venous thrombosis?
1) Orthopedic surgery
2) Lung cancer
3) Estrogen use for contraception
4) DVT in a family member
While lung cancer itself is not a direct risk factor for venous thrombosis, it can be associated with hypercoagulable states due to the presence of tumor cells or paraneoplastic syndromes. The other options (orthopedic surgery, estrogen use for contraception, and a family history of DVT) are all recognized conditions that increase the risk of developing venous thrombosis.
Wound contraction can be most effectively minimized by
1) Split skin graft
2) Full thickness grafting
3) Allowing secondary granulation
4) Dressing with placenta
Oral medicine
Answer: 2
Full thickness grafting is effective in minimizing wound contraction because it provides a more stable and vascularized tissue bed for healing
Which is not a feature of Adamantinoma?
1) More common in males
2) Soap-bubble appearance on X-ray
3) Uncontrolled local growth
4) Commonest site maxilla
Oral Medicine Answer: 4
Commonest site maxilla
a. Adamantinoma is a rare tumor arising from the diaphysis of the long bone.
b. The most common long bone affected by adamantinoma is TIBIA.
c. In head and neck , the most common bone affected by adamantinoma is MANDIBLE.
d. In mandible, the most common site is the region of 3RD MOLAR.
e. Classic adamantinomas usually occur in patients older than 20 years, whereas
differentiated adamantinomas occur almost exclusively in patients younger than
20 years.
f. In addition, the 2 classifications of adamantinomas have distinct
radiographic and histologic differences.
g. Patients with adamantinomas present with variable signs and symptoms; most
commonly, they report pain and swelling.
h. The tumor is slow growing, and patients may describe discomfort lasting
months to years.
i. Treatment options for adamantinoma are surgical and include either marginal
or en bloc resection.
j. Unfortunately, neither radiation therapy nor chemotherapy has been proven
effective in the treatment of this insidious tumor.
k. The investigation of choice for adamantinoma is CT SCAN which shows cortical
destruction involving the diaphysis of the bone with surrounding periosteal
reaction.
l. On x ray there is a characteristic SOAP BUBBLE appearance.
What is the typical age of onset for Huntington's disease?
(1) Childhood
(2) Fourth or fifth decade
(3) Seventh or eighth decade
(4) Second or third decade
Huntington's disease typically begins in the fourth or fifth decade of life. It is an autosomal dominant disorder that affects both men and women, and the symptoms include chorea, behavioral disturbances, and cognitive decline. While there is a wide range in age of onset, the average age of symptom manifestation is around 30 to 50 years.
Delayed wound healing is seen in all except
1) Malignancy
2) Hypertension
3) Diabetes
4) Infection
Oral medicine
Answer: 2
While hypertension can have various health implications, it is not typically
associated with delayed wound healing. In contrast, malignancy, diabetes, and
infection are known to impair the healing process.