MDS PREP
Gingival manifestation is seen maximum with
1. AML
2. CLL
3. CML
4. ALL
Oral Medicine
Answer: 1
A patient with severe bronchospasm secondary to an asthma attack is administered a beta2 agonist. What is the primary mechanism of action of beta2 agonists?
(1) Stimulation of beta2 receptors in the heart
(2) Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles
(3) Constriction of bronchial blood vessels
(4) Stimulation of mucus production
Beta2 agonists, such as albuterol, work by binding to beta2 receptors on the smooth muscles surrounding the airways, leading to relaxation of these muscles and bronchodilation, which helps alleviate the bronchospasm characteristic of an asthma attack.
In a patient with suspected acute coronary syndrome, which of the following ECG changes is most indicative of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)?
1) ST depression in leads II, III, and aVF
2) ST elevation in leads I and aVL
3) ST elevation in leads V1-V4 with reciprocal depression in leads II, III, and aVF
4) ST elevation in leads II, III, and aVF
In a patient with a suspected STEMI, the characteristic ECG findings include ST elevation in the anterolateral leads (I, aVL, V1-V6) and reciprocal ST depression in the inferior leads (II, III, aVF). The pattern of ST elevation in the anterolateral leads with reciprocal depression in the inferior leads is most indicative of a STEMI affecting the anterolateral wall of the heart.
A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed digoxin. Which of the following is a common side effect of digoxin therapy?
(1) Hypertension
(2) Hyperkalemia
(3) Hypokalemia
(4) Hypercalcemia
Digoxin can cause hyperkalemia due to its effect on sodium-potassium ATPase pumps in cardiac cells, leading to increased intracellular sodium and decreased intracellular potassium. However, it is important to note that digoxin can also cause arrhythmias in the presence of high serum potassium levels.
How is chronic hepatitis typically defined?
(1) Asymptomatic with biochemical evidence of liver disease for less than 6 months
(2) Asymptomatic with histologically documented inflammation for less than 6 months
(3) Asymptomatic with serological evidence of hepatic disease for less than 6 months
(4) Asymptomatic with biochemical or serological evidence of liver disease for more than 6 months
Chronic hepatitis is characterized by the persistent presence of liver inflammation and damage, typically lasting for more than 6 months. It can be caused by various factors, including viral infections, alcohol abuse, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. The diagnosis is often made based on a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and liver biopsy findings.
A patient with a history of hypothyroidism presents with fatigue, cold intolerance, and weight gain. The most likely cause of these symptoms is:
1) Subclinical hypothyroidism
2) Hyperthyroidism
3) Thyroid cancer
4) Adrenal insufficiency
The symptoms of fatigue, cold intolerance, and weight gain are more consistent with hypothyroidism than hyperthyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism is a milder form of hypothyroidism where the patient may have a normal T4 level but an elevated TSH level.
What is the characteristic gait abnormality seen in patients with advanced Huntington's disease?
1) Festinating gait
2) Spastic gait
3) Ataxic gait
4) Choreic gait
The characteristic gait abnormality in Huntington's disease is the choreic gait, which is disjointed and poorly coordinated with a "dancing" quality.
What is the target INR range for a patient on warfarin therapy to undergo minor oral surgery?
(1) Less than 2
(2) 2-3
(3) 3-4
(4) Less than 1.5
For a patient on warfarin therapy, the target INR (International Normalized Ratio) for undergoing minor oral surgery is typically 2-3. This range provides adequate thromboprophylaxis while minimizing the risk of excessive bleeding. However, the decision to proceed with surgery should be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the patient's overall health and surgical risks.