MDS PREP
What is the primary mode of diagnosis for Huntington's disease?
1) Brain MRI
2) Genetic testing
3) Clinical examination and family history
4) Cerebral spinal fluid analysis
The primary mode of diagnosis for Huntington's disease is genetic testing. It involves identifying the expansion of a trinucleotide repeat (CAG) in the HTT gene on chromosome 4.
What is the primary treatment for a pneumothorax?
(1) Inhalation of oxygen
(2) Chest tube placement
(3) Pleural fluid drainage
(4) Anti-inflammatory medication
The definitive treatment for a pneumothorax is the insertion of a chest tube, which allows the evacuation of air or gas from the pleural space and the re-expansion of the lung. This is crucial for alleviating the symptoms and preventing the condition from progressing to a tension pneumothorax, which can be life-threatening. Other treatments may include oxygen therapy and pain management.
What is the typical age of onset for the increased risk of coronary heart disease in men?
1) ? 45 years
2) ? 55 years
3) ? 65 years
4) ? 75 years
Men generally have an earlier onset of coronary heart disease compared to women, and the risk increases significantly after the age of 45.
What condition is NOT associated with osteoporosis?
1) Hypogonadism
2) Hyperthyroidism
3) Fluorosis
4) Hyperparathyroidism
Fluorosis is associated with osteosclerosis, not osteoporosis. It leads to increased bone density due to excessive deposition of fluoride.
What is the prevalence of Huntington's disease in the general population?
1) 1/1000
2) 1/10,000
3) 1/100,000
4) 1/1,000,000
Huntington's disease has a prevalence of approximately 10 per 100,000 people in the general population. It is more common in certain ethnic groups, particularly those of Western European descent.
In a patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which of the following is NOT a common side effect of long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy?
1) Oral thrush
2) Pneumonia
3) Osteoporosis
4) Tachycardia
Long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy is commonly used in COPD management to reduce inflammation and exacerbations. Common side effects include oral thrush, pneumonia due to immunocompromise, and osteoporosis due to steroid-induced bone loss. Tachycardia is not a typical side effect of inhaled corticosteroids.
Which is a non-absorbable suture
1) Polypropylene
2) Polyglycollic acid
3) Vicryl
4) Collagen
Oral medicine
Answer: 1
1. Polypropylene: This is a synthetic, non-absorbable suture material known
for its strength and resistance to infection. It is commonly used in oral
surgery and dental procedures due to its non-reactive nature with tissues.
2. Polyglycollic acid: Polyglycollic acid is an absorbable suture material that
is broken down by hydrolysis.
3. Vicryl: Vicryl is a synthetic, absorbable suture material that is commonly
used in dentistry due to its good handling properties and tissue reactivity
profile.
4. Collagen: Collagen is a natural, absorbable suture material derived from
animal sources. It is biocompatible but not as strong as non-absorbable
materials and is absorbed by the body over time.
A patient with severe nausea and vomiting is prescribed metoclopramide. What is the primary mechanism of action of metoclopramide?
(1) Antihistaminic action
(2) Dopamine antagonism in the CNS
(3) Muscarinic receptor antagonism
(4) 5-HT3 receptor antagonism
Metoclopramide acts primarily as a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist in the chemoreceptive trigger zone in the brain and in the gastrointestinal tract, which helps to reduce nausea and vomiting by decreasing gastric emptying and increasing gastric tone.