MDS PREP
Which of the following is a characteristic of the rash seen in scarlet fever?
(1) Small, flat, red spots that are not elevated.
(2) Small, raised, red bumps that feel like sandpaper.
(3) Large, fluid-filled blisters.
(4) Thin, red streaks that spread out from the central lesion.
The rash in scarlet fever is characterized by small, raised, red bumps that feel like sandpaper when touched. These bumps, known as "Pastia lines," are particularly prominent in skin folds. The rash is caused by the exotoxins produced by Streptococcus pyogenes and typically occurs with a strep throat infection.
"potato tumour" is the
1) Carcinoma thyroid
2) Infected sebaceous cyst
3) Chemodectoma of carotid body
4) Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid
Oral medicine
Answer: 3
The term "potato tumour" is often used to describe a chemodectoma, which is a type of tumor that arises from the chemoreceptor cells of the carotid body. These tumors can be vascular and may have a lobulated appearance, resembling a potato. They are typically benign but can cause symptoms due to their location and pressure effects on surrounding structures.
Which of the following is NOT a lifestyle risk factor for atherosclerosis?
1) Obesity (BMI ? 30 kg/m2)
2) Physical inactivity
3) High LDL cholesterol
4) Impaired fasting glucose
While high LDL cholesterol is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, it is not a lifestyle factor. It is a metabolic condition that can be influenced by diet and physical activity.
In which condition is the plasma cholesterol level increased?
1) Hyperthyroidism
2) Obstructive jaundice
3) Nephrotic syndrome
4) Diabetes mellitus
Obstructive jaundice is associated with increased cholesterol levels due to impaired cholesterol metabolism.
What is the genetic basis of neurofibromatosis type 1?
(1) Autosomal recessive inheritance, gene located on chromosome 13
(2) Autosomal dominant inheritance, gene located on chromosome 17
(3) Autosomal dominant inheritance, gene located on chromosome 22
(4) Autosomal recessive inheritance, gene located on chromosome 17
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the NF1 gene, which produces neurofibromin. The gene is located on chromosome 17.
What is the most common site of venous thrombosis in patients with cancer?
1) Superficial veins
2) Cerebral sinuses
3) Deep veins of the lower extremities
4) Hepatic veins
The most common site of venous thrombosis in patients with cancer is the deep veins of the lower extremities, often referred to as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This is due to a combination of factors such as immobility, cancer-induced hypercoagulability, and damage to the vessels from tumor infiltration or surgery.
Which of the following is a characteristic of pulmonary embolism?
1) Absent breath sounds
2) Hyperinflated lungs
3) Pleural friction rub
4) Wheezing
Pulmonary embolism is often associated with the sudden onset of absent or diminished breath sounds on the affected side of the chest due to the obstruction of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot.
In the treatment of herpes labialis (cold sores), which medication is not available in a cream formulation?
(1) Acyclovir
(2) Penciclovir
(3) Docosanol
(4) Lysine
Penciclovir is the correct answer as it is not available in a cream formulation. Acyclovir and docosanol are available in cream formulations for the treatment of cold sores. Lysine is an amino acid supplement that may help reduce the frequency of herpes outbreaks but is not a medication specifically designed to treat herpes labialis.