MDS PREP
Morphine withdrawal is characterized by all except
1) Miosis
2) Yawning
3) Lacrimation
4) Diarrhea
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Withdrawal of morphine is associated with marked drug-seeking behavior.
Physical manifestations of abstinence are - lacrimation, sweating, yawning, anxiety, fear, restlessness, gooseflesh, mydriasis, tremor, insomnia, abdominal colic, diarrhea, dehydration, rise in BP, palpitation and rapid weight loss.
Delirium and convulsions are not a characteristic feature (contrast barbiturates) and are seen only occasionally.
Cardi-ovascular collapse and fatality are rare if supportive measures are instituted.
Albendazole is effective against infection with all of the following except-
1. Ascariasis
2. Neurocysticercosis
3. Echinococcus granulosus
4. Schistosomiasis
Pharmacology
Answer: 4
Albendazole is not effective against Schistosomiasis, which is caused by a parasitic worm.
The Beta Blocker with local Anesthetic effect is
1) Pindolol
2) Atenolol
3) Esmorolol
4) Timolol
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Local anesthetic action, also known as "membrane-stabilizing" action, is a prominent effect of several -blockers Acebutolol, Labetalol, Pindolol Propranolol.
This action is the result of typical local anesthetic blockade of sodium channels and can be demonstrated experimentally in isolated neurons, heart muscle, and skeletal muscle membrane.
The drug of choice for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy is?
1 Carbimazole
2 Iodine therapy
3 Propylthiouracil
4 Metimazole
Pharmacology Answer: 3
Thyroid inhibitors
a) Inhibit hormone synthesis (anti thyroid drugs): Propylthiouracil, Methimazole, Carbimazole
b) Inhibit iodine trapping (ionic inhibitors): Thiocyanates, Perchlorates, Nitrates.
c) Inhibit hormone release: Iodine, NaI, Kl
d) Destroy thyroid tissue: Radioactive iodine
Ambroxol is a :
1) Mucolytic agent
2) Bronchial secretion enhancer
3) Antitussive
4) None of the above
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Expectorants (Mucokinetics)
(a) Bronchial secretion enhancers : Sodium or Potassium citrate, Potassium iodide, Guaiphenesin (Glyceryl guaiacolate), balsum of Tolu, Vasaka, Ammonium chloride.
(b) Mucolytics: Bromhexine Ambroxol Acetyl cysteine Carbocisteine
Ipratropium bromide is useful in bronchial asthma because of
1) Anticholinergic effect
2) Vasodilator properties
3) Antiallergic action
4) Stabilization of mast cells
Pharmacology Answer: 1
Ipratropium (as ipratropium bromide, trade name Atrovent) is an anticholinergic drug administered by inhalation for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases.
It acts by blocking muscarinic receptors in the lung, inhibiting bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion.
It is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, and does not diffuse into the blood, which prevents systemic side effects.
Ipratropium is a derivative of atropine[1] but is a quaternary amine and therefore does not cross the blood-brain barrier
Chelating agent contraindicated in iron and cadmium poisoning
1) Penicillamine
2) Des ferroxamine
3) EDTA
4) BAL
Pharmacology Answer: 4
Dimercaprol (British antilewisite; BAL)
1. Poisoning by As, Hg, Au, Bi, Ni, Sb: it is administered i.m., 5 mg/kg stat, followed by 2-3 mg/kg every 4 – 8 hours for 2 days, then once or twice a day for 10 days. It is partly oxidized and glucuronide conjugated, but mainly excreted as such in 4 – 6 hours. Earlier the treatment is instituted, the better it is. Because the dimercaprolmetal complex dissociates faster in acidic urine and the released metal can damage the kidney, urine is alkalinized during dimercaprol therapy.
2. As an adjuvant to Cal. Disod. Edentate in lead poisoning.
3. As an adjuvant to penicillamine in Cu poisoning and in Wilson’s disease – 300 mg/day i.m. for 10 days every second month.
It is contraindicated in iron and cadmium poisoning, because the dimercaprol-Fe and dimercaprol-Cd complex is itself toxic.
All of the following statements are true regarding the cephalosporin
antibiotics except
1). they are bactericidal
2). they are ineffective against gram negative microorganisms
3). they are potentially cross allergenic with penicillin
4). they are resistant to penicillinase
Pharmacology Answer: 2
cephalosporin are bactericidal, are potentially cross allergenic with penicillin, resistant to penicillinase