MDS PREP
Congenital rubella syndrome may cause all the following except
1) Patent ductus arteriosus
2) Spontaneous abortion
3) Sensory nerve deafness
4) None of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Congenital rubella syndrome can lead to various complications, including patent ductus arteriosus, sensory nerve deafness, and spontaneous abortion. However, the statement "None of the above" is incorrect as all listed conditions can occur due to the syndrome.
All are seen in ARDS except
1) Pulmonary oedema
2) Decreased tidal volume
3) Hypercapnia
4) Decreased compliance
General Medicine
Answer: 3
All are seen in ARDS except hypercapnia
The major risk factor for foot ulcers and infections in individuals with diabetes mellitus is:
1) Neuropathy
2) Abnormal foot biomechanics
3) Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
4) All of the above
Diabetic neuropathy leads to loss of protective sensation, allowing for unnoticed trauma and subsequent ulceration. Abnormal foot biomechanics can cause increased plantar pressure and foot deformities such as hammertoes or calluses that may progress to ulcers. PAD reduces blood flow to the feet, impairing the healing process and making infection more likely. Poor wound healing is a direct consequence of both neuropathy and vascular compromise.
In which condition breath sounds are absent
1) Bronchial asthma
2) Pneumothorax
3) Emphysema
4) Pneumonia
General Medicine
Answer: 2
In pneumothorax, breath sounds are absent
What is the principal cause of megaloblastic anemia other than vitamin B12 deficiency?
1) Folate deficiency
2) Iron deficiency
3) Vitamin A deficiency
4) Vitamin C deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia can be caused by either folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Both of these nutrients are essential for DNA synthesis and cell division in the bone marrow.
What is the most common non-CNS manifestation of Wilson’s disease?
1) Hepatic cirrhosis
2) Cardiac dysfunction
3) Pancreatitis
4) Arthritis
While CNS manifestations are prominent in Wilson’s disease, hepatic cirrhosis is the most common non-CNS manifestation. It occurs due to the deposition of copper in the liver, leading to chronic liver damage.
In emphysema, the dilatation occurs
1) Beyond major bronchus
2) In alveolar region
3) Beyond terminal bronchioles
4) Beyond minor bronchus
General Medicine
Answer: 3
In emphysema, the dilatation occurs beyond terminal bronchioles
What is the role of factor Xa in the coagulation cascade?
1) Activation of fibrinogen to fibrin
2) Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
3) Activation of factor V
4) Activation of factor VIII
Factor Xa is a serine protease that plays a pivotal role in the common pathway of the coagulation cascade. It, along with factor Va, forms the prothrombinase complex that converts prothrombin (factor II) to thrombin (factor IIa), which in turn activates fibrinogen to form fibrin, leading to clot formation.