MDS PREP
Class II of HIV associated diseases describes
1) Acute infections
2) Asymptomatic infections
3) Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
4) All of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Class II of HIV associated diseases describes asymptomatic infections where patients are HIV positive but do not exhibit symptoms. Class I includes acute infections, and Class III involves symptomatic infections. Therefore, Class II is characterized by individuals being asymptomatic despite being infected with HIV.
What is the primary mechanism by which H. pylori is able to survive in the acidic environment of the stomach?
1) It produces hydrochloric acid
2) It has a protective outer coating
3) It produces urease, which generates ammonia
4) It lives in the mucus layer without contacting the acid
H. pylori produces the enzyme urease, which breaks down urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide, raising the local pH around the bacteria and protecting them from the acidic gastric environment.
Amphoric breathing is seen in
1) Pneumothorax
2) Pericarditis
3) Pneumonia
4) Pleural effusion
General Medicine
Answer: 1
Amphoric breathing is seen in pneumothorax
What is the primary function of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in the nephrotic syndrome?
1) Preventing the passage of red blood cells
2) Regulating ion transport
3) Preventing the passage of proteins
4) Maintaining the structure of the renal corpuscle
The GBM is a critical component of the glomerular filtration barrier that normally prevents the passage of proteins into the urine. In the nephrotic syndrome, there are alterations in the GBM that lead to increased permeability and loss of proteins, particularly albumin, into the glomerular filtrate.
In the synthesis of which protein is vitamin K an essential cofactor?
1) Factor II
2) Factor V
3) Factor VIII
4) Factor X
Vitamin K is a crucial cofactor in the carboxylation of glutamate residues in the synthesis of prothrombin (factor II), which is essential for its activity. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to decreased levels of factor II, resulting in a bleeding tendency known as hypoprothrombinemia.
Cause of Bell"s palsy
1) Idiopathic
2) Vascular
3) Trauma
4) Cold exposure
General Medicine
Answer: 1
The exact cause of Bell's palsy remains idiopathic in many cases, although some believe viral infections may trigger it.
In emphysema, the dilatation occurs
1) Beyond major bronchus
2) In alveolar region
3) Beyond terminal bronchioles
4) Beyond minor bronchus
General Medicine
Answer: 3
In emphysema, the dilatation occurs beyond terminal bronchioles
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is an allergic reaction to
1) Drugs
2) House dust
3) Virus
4) Worms
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is often linked to parasitic infections, especially related to filarial infections, where the immune response to the worms leads to eosinophilia.