MDS PREP
Which of the following complement component can be activated in both common as well as alternate pathways?
1) C1
2) C2
3) C3
4) C4
General Pathology Answer: 3C3 is the complement component that can be activated in both the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system.
Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Paget disease of bone?
1) Mosaic pattern of newly formed woven bone
2) Increased hat size
3) Hypertension
4) Osteosclerotic bones in late stages
Hypertension is not a typical feature of Paget disease of bone; it is characterized by a mosaic pattern of newly formed woven bone.
A 25-year-old woman presents with a painful, red, swollen, and tender area on the dorsum of her foot. She reports a recent injury while playing sports. The area is warm to the touch and has a well-defined border. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Osteomyelitis
2) Cellulitis
3) Gout
4) Plantar wart
Cellulitis is the most likely diagnosis for a painful, red, swollen area on the foot with a recent injury.
A malignant tumour cell moves through the stages of:
1. Progression vascularization invasion detachment embolization
2. Vascularization invasion prepression detachment embolization
3. invasion vascularizationprogression detachment embolization
4. Detachment invasion vascularization progression embolization
Pathology Answer: 1
The correct answer is: 1. Progression vascularization invasion
detachment embolization.
Explanation of the stages for a malignant tumor cell:
1. Progression: This is the initial stage of tumor development where the cells
acquire the ability to proliferate in an uncontrolled manner. This can be due to
genetic mutations that alter the normal regulatory mechanisms that control cell
division. The tumor grows locally within the tissue or organ of origin.
2. Vascularization: Also known as angiogenesis, this stage involves the
formation of new blood vessels that supply the tumor with nutrients and oxygen,
which is essential for its continued growth and progression. The tumor cells
secrete factors that stimulate the growth of blood vessels into the tumor mass.
3. Invasion: The malignant tumor cells develop the capability to invade
surrounding tissues. They secrete enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix
and basement membrane, allowing them to move through these barriers and invade
neighboring tissues and organs.
4. Detachment: During this stage, tumor cells detach from the primary tumor
site. This is facilitated by the loss of cell-to-cell adhesion molecules and the
degradation of the extracellular matrix by proteolytic enzymes.
5. Embolization: Detached tumor cells can then enter the lymphatic system or
bloodstream. This process is known as intravasation. They travel through these
vessels as emboli and can potentially form new tumors at distant sites, which is
the process of metastasis.
Mean exposure of radiation from pantamograph is
1. 90 mR
2. 120 mR
3. 250 mR
4. 300 mR
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Mean exposure of radiation from a pantomograph is approximately 250 mR.
The medical specialty in which there is statistically higher incidence of leukaemia
1. Dentistry
2. Internal medicine
3. Radiology
4. Anaesthesiology
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Radiology has a statistically higher incidence of leukemia.
Radiation-induced thyroid cancer is the result of which type of radiation
1. Somatic
2. Genetic
3. Teratogenic
4. All of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Radiation-induced thyroid cancer is the result of somatic radiation.
Corticosteriods are used in all of the following oral conditions except
1. Erythema multiforme
2. Recurrent aphthous ulcer
3. Primary herpes
4. Herpes zoster
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Corticosteroids are not typically used for primary herpes infections.