MDS PREP
Port wine stains are seen in
1. Nevus
2. Haemangioma
3. Melanoma
4. All the above
Port wine stains are seen in hemangioma.
The typical ‘crew cut’ appearance seen in sickle cell anemia because
of:
1. Capillary stasis — decreased blood supply to bone
2. Resorption of marrow leads to expansion of skull bone
3. Expansion of marrow leads to resorption of bone with apposition of new bone
on skull
4. All of the above
Pathology Answer: 3
The expansion of the marrow space due to increased hematopoiesis can lead to resorption of the outer cortical bone and the formation of new bone, resulting in the characteristic "crew cut" appearance on X-rays. This appearance is due to the trabecular pattern of the skull becoming more prominent as the outer layer is resorbed.
Extensive cellulitis is known as:
1. Phlegm
2. Phlegmon
3. Cellulitis majora
4. Cellulitis prima
Pathology Answer: 2
Extensive cellulitis is most accurately described by the term "phlegmon
Phlegm is a thick, viscous substance produced by the respiratory tract,
especially during a respiratory infection, which can be coughed up from the
lungs or expelled from the nose. It is primarily composed of mucus, dead cells,
and other substances.
Phlegmon is a term that is closely related to extensive cellulitis. It refers
to a severe form of cellulitis where the infection has spread deeply into the
subcutaneous tissues and is accompanied by significant inflammation, including
the presence of pus and necrosis. Phlegmon is characterized by intense pain,
swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected area. This condition often
requires aggressive medical management, including intravenous antibiotics and
surgical drainage if an abscess forms. It is an advanced and severe stage of
cellulitis that can lead to systemic infection if not treated properly.
When kVp is changed from 70 to 80 kVp the energy of photons produced
1. Decreased by 10 times
2. Increased two times
3. Increased by 10 percent
4. Remains constant
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Changing kVp from 70 to 80 increases the energy of photons produced significantly.
Hypopigmentation, gray streaks of hair, degranulation defect of neutrophils and neuropathy are seen in
1. Aleukaemic leukaemia
2. Chronic granulocytic leukaemia
3. Lazy leukocyte syndrome
4. Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Oral Pathology
Answer: 4
Hypopigmentation, gray streaks of hair, degranulation defect of neutrophils, and neuropathy are seen in Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
Unusual extensibility of the tongue is a characteristic feature of
1. Epidermolysis bullosa
2. Syphilis
3. Darier-White disease
4. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Oral Pathology
Answer: 4
Unusual extensibility of the tongue is a characteristic feature of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
The peripheral blood smear of a patient shows features of thalassemia, also presented with anemia. Family history is also +ve. The investigation was done to establish the diagnosis is -
1) ESR estimation
2) Blood spherocyte estimation
3) Bone marrow aspiration
4) Hb-electrophoresis
General Pathology
Answer: 4
Hb-electrophoresis is the investigation done to establish the diagnosis of thalassemia, as it separates different hemoglobin types based on their charge.
The primary defect which leads to sickle cell anemia is -
1) An abnormality in porphyrin part of hemoglobin
2) Replacement of glutamate by valine in ?-chain of HbA
3) A nonsense mutation in the ?-chain of HbA
4) Substitution of valine by glutamate in the ?-chain of HbA
General Pathology
Answer: 2
The primary defect in sickle cell anemia is the replacement of glutamic acid by valine in the ?-chain of hemoglobin, leading to the sickling of red blood cells.