MDS PREP
A 25-year-old woman presents with a painful, red, swollen, and tender area on the dorsum of her foot. She reports a recent injury while playing sports. The area is warm to the touch and has a well-defined border. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Osteomyelitis
2) Cellulitis
3) Gout
4) Plantar wart
Cellulitis is the most likely diagnosis for a painful, red, swollen area on the foot with a recent injury.
Disadvantages of using a GRID during radiography is
1. Increased patient exposure
2. Decreased exposure time
3. Increased secondary radiation fog to film
4. Reduces secondary radiation to film
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Using a GRID during radiography increases patient exposure due to the need for higher doses.
X-rays were discovered in
1. Nov 1897
2. Oct 1985
3. Nov 1895
4. Nov 1890
X-rays were discovered in November 1895.
Grid is used
1. To remove secondary radiation
2. Filter the radiation
3. Removes scattered radiation
4. None of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Grids are used to remove scattered radiation from the X-ray beam.
All of the following statements about idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura are true except
1. It is associated with platelet-specific autoantibodies
2. It causes a prolonged bleeding time
3. It is often controllable by immunosuppressive treatment
4. It causes more prolonged haemorrhage than haemophilia
Oral Pathology Answer: 4
It is associated with platelet-specific autoantibodies:
This statement is true. ITP is characterized by the
presence of autoantibodies that specifically target and destroy platelets,
leading to thrombocytopenia (low platelet count).
It causes a prolonged bleeding time: This statement is true.
In ITP, the low platelet count results in a prolonged bleeding time, as
there are fewer platelets available to form a clot.
It is often controllable by immunosuppressive treatment:
This statement is true. ITP can often be managed with
immunosuppressive therapies, such as corticosteroids, intravenous
immunoglobulin (IVIG), or other immunosuppressive agents, to help increase
platelet counts.
It causes more prolonged hemorrhage than hemophilia:
This statement is not true. While both ITP and hemophilia
can lead to bleeding, the mechanisms are different. Hemophilia is a clotting
factor deficiency, which can lead to more severe and prolonged bleeding
episodes, especially after trauma or surgery. In contrast, ITP primarily
affects the number of platelets rather than the clotting factors. Therefore,
the bleeding in hemophilia can be more severe and prolonged compared to that
in ITP.
All of the following statements about the typical feature of a periapical
granuloma are true EXCEPT
1) It consists of proliferating granulation tissue
2) It can form only if the periapical bone is resorbed
3) It shows evidence of local antibody production
4) It results from immunologically mediated tissue damage
Oral Pathology Answer: 2
Periapical granulomas were diagnosed as well-circumscribed periapical
radiolucency measuring less than 1.5 cm in diameter, periapical cysts were
characterized by well-defined periapical radiolucency with sclerotic borders
measuring greater than 1.5 cm, and periapical abscesses were characterized by
ill-defined periapical radiolucency with diffuse margins.
While bone resorption can occur in the presence of a periapical granuloma, it
is not a prerequisite for its formation. A periapical granuloma can develop in
response to pulp necrosis or infection without necessarily requiring bone
resorption to occur first. The granuloma can form as a reaction to the
inflammatory process, regardless of the state of the surrounding bone.
Which of the following are a triad of the signs and symptomos of osteogenesis imperfecta
1. Blue sclera, sparse hair, anhydrosis
2. Enlarged hand, feet, maxilla, mandible
3. Blue sclera, brittle bones, opalescent dentin
4. Blue sclera, arachonodactyly, brittle bones
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
The triad of signs and symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta includes blue sclera, brittle bones, and opalescent dentin.
Radiation caries is caused by irradiation of
1. Salivary glands
2. Enamel
3. Enamel and dentin
4. Oral mucosa
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Radiation caries is caused by irradiation of salivary glands.