MDS PREP
Alpha antitrypism deficiency causes
1) Centrilobular emphysema
2) Panacinar emphysema
3) Lung cysts
4) Bronchiectasis
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Alpha antitrypism deficiency causes panacinar emphysema
A 35-year-old male with a history of alcoholism presents with confusion, tremors, and hypotension. His blood tests show elevated serum ammonia levels. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Hepatic encephalopathy
2) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
3) Delirium tremens
4) Alcoholic ketoacidosis
The combination of confusion, tremors, and elevated serum ammonia levels in the setting of alcoholism suggests hepatic encephalopathy, which can occur due to liver dysfunction.
What is the most common symptom associated with H. pylori infection?
1) Abdominal pain
2) Nausea and vomiting
3) Diarrhea
4) Fatigue
While H. pylori infection can cause various symptoms, the most common is abdominal pain, often related to peptic ulcer disease.
What is the primary pathogenic mechanism of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)?
1) Invasion of gut epithelial cells
2) Production of heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxin (ST)
3) Induction of lipid peroxidation
4) Production of Shiga-like toxins
ETEC are the principal cause of traveler’s diarrhe1) They produce both a heat-labile toxin (LT) and a heat-stable toxin (ST) that act on the intestinal mucos1) The LT is similar to cholera toxin and increases intracellular cGMP levels, leading to enhanced fluid and electrolyte secretion into the lumen and thus diarrhe1) The ST acts by a different mechanism but also enhances fluid and electrolyte secretion.
A 25-year-old woman presents with a two-week history of a painless, red, scaly rash on her trunk and limbs. The rash spares the face, palms, and soles. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Psoriasis
2) Erythema multiforme
3) Atopic dermatitis
4) Pityriasis rosea
The description of a painless, red, scaly rash that spares the face, palms, and soles and involves the trunk and limbs is characteristic of psoriasis. The lesions are typically well-demarcated and have a "salt-and-pepper" appearance due to the presence of scales.
Which of the following may result from chronic bronchitis?
1) Cor pulmonale
2) Increased airway resistance
3) Metaplasia and dysplasia of respiratory epithelium
4) All of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Chronic bronchitis may result in cor pulmonale, increased airway resistance, metaplasia and dysplasia of respiratory epithelium
Crackling crepitations unaltered by coughing is characteristic of
1) Pulmonary tuberculosis
2) Interstitial lung disease
3) Klebsiella pneumonia
4) Lung abscess
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Crackling crepitations unaltered by coughing is characteristic of interstitial lung disease
Renin is found in which of the following organs
1) Liver
2) Kidney
3) Adrenal gland
4) Thyroid gland
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Renin is an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys in response to low blood pressure or low sodium concentration.