MDS PREP
The most important aspect in treating Disseminated intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is to
1) Administer heparin
2) Administer platelets
3) Treat the underlying disease process
4) Achieve normal levels of fibrinogen
General Medicine
Answer: 3
DIC is a serious condition characterized by the widespread activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to the formation of blood clots throughout the small blood vessels. This can result in organ dysfunction and bleeding. The most critical step in managing DIC is to identify and treat the underlying cause (such as infection, trauma, or malignancy) because addressing the root issue can help resolve the coagulation abnormalities.
What is the typical clinical presentation of acute alcoholic hepatitis?
1) Asymptomatic, with mild transaminitis
2) Fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain
3) Diarrhea and vomiting
4) Generalized edema
Acute alcoholic hepatitis typically presents with fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. It is characterized by hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation.
In a patient with hyperparathyroidism, which of the following is a late and irreversible complication of hypercalcemia?
1) Renal calculi
2) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
3) Osteoporosis
4) Cardiac arrhythmias
While hypercalcemia can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and cardiac arrhythmias, these are usually reversible with correction of calcium levels. Osteoporosis, on the other hand, is a late complication resulting from long-standing increased bone resorption and decreased bone density.
What is the most common cause of secondary hypoadrenalism?
1) Pituitary tumor
2) Adrenal tumor
3) Pituitary apoplexy
4) Sheehan's syndrome
Secondary hypoadrenalism occurs due to decreased stimulation of the adrenal glands by the pituitary gland, most commonly as a result of a pituitary tumor, such as a prolactinoma or nonfunctioning adenoma, which compresses the pituitary gland and impairs its ability to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
A newborn baby has severe bleeding. Which of the following coagulation factor deficiencies is the most common cause of this condition?
1) Factor II deficiency
2) Factor V deficiency
3) Factor VIII deficiency
4) Factor X deficiency
In newborns, factor VIII deficiency, known as Hemophilia A, is the most common cause of severe bleeding. It is an X-linked recessive disorder, which means that females are carriers and males are affected. The severity of the bleeding is indicative of the lack of this crucial coagulation factor.
What is the most common symptom associated with H. pylori infection?
1) Abdominal pain
2) Nausea and vomiting
3) Diarrhea
4) Fatigue
While H. pylori infection can cause various symptoms, the most common is abdominal pain, often related to peptic ulcer disease.
The best single laboratory aid in diagnosis of TB
1) Skin test
2) Chest X-ray
3) Sputum examination
4) Histology
General Medicine
Answer: 3
The best single laboratory aid in diagnosis of TB is sputum examination
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by following manifestations except
1) Proteinuria
2) Hyperlipidaemia
3) Oedema
4) None of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 3
Nephrotic syndrome characteristically features proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and edema; therefore, all three manifestations are characteristic, making option 4 correct.