MDS PREP
Cyclosporine enlargement of gingiva can be classified as
1. Non inflammatory
2. Inflammatory
3. Developmental
4. Malignant
Oral Medicine
Answer: 1
What is the prevalence of Huntington's disease in the general population?
(1) 1 in 1000
(2) 1 in 10,000
(3) 1 in 100,000
(4) 1 in 1,000,000
Huntington's disease is a relatively rare genetic disorder with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 10,000 individuals. It is an autosomal dominant condition, meaning that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene from a parent to develop the disease. The onset is typically in the fourth or fifth decade of life, and it is characterized by chorea, behavioral disturbances, and progressive cognitive decline.
What is the most common site of venous thrombosis in patients with cancer?
1) Superficial veins
2) Cerebral sinuses
3) Deep veins of the lower extremities
4) Hepatic veins
The most common site of venous thrombosis in patients with cancer is the deep veins of the lower extremities, often referred to as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This is due to a combination of factors such as immobility, cancer-induced hypercoagulability, and damage to the vessels from tumor infiltration or surgery.
Which is not a feature of Adamantinoma?
1) More common in males
2) Soap-bubble appearance on X-ray
3) Uncontrolled local growth
4) Commonest site maxilla
Oral Medicine Answer: 4
Commonest site maxilla
a. Adamantinoma is a rare tumor arising from the diaphysis of the long bone.
b. The most common long bone affected by adamantinoma is TIBIA.
c. In head and neck , the most common bone affected by adamantinoma is MANDIBLE.
d. In mandible, the most common site is the region of 3RD MOLAR.
e. Classic adamantinomas usually occur in patients older than 20 years, whereas
differentiated adamantinomas occur almost exclusively in patients younger than
20 years.
f. In addition, the 2 classifications of adamantinomas have distinct
radiographic and histologic differences.
g. Patients with adamantinomas present with variable signs and symptoms; most
commonly, they report pain and swelling.
h. The tumor is slow growing, and patients may describe discomfort lasting
months to years.
i. Treatment options for adamantinoma are surgical and include either marginal
or en bloc resection.
j. Unfortunately, neither radiation therapy nor chemotherapy has been proven
effective in the treatment of this insidious tumor.
k. The investigation of choice for adamantinoma is CT SCAN which shows cortical
destruction involving the diaphysis of the bone with surrounding periosteal
reaction.
l. On x ray there is a characteristic SOAP BUBBLE appearance.
A 35-year-old male comes to the clinic complaining of fever and malaise. Blood tests reveal a positive reaction to a tuberculin skin test. What is the most likely diagnosis?
(1) Active tuberculosis (TB)
(2) Latent TB infection
(3) BCG vaccine failure
(4) TB meningitis
A positive tuberculin skin test indicates a past exposure to TB bacteria, which has led to the development of an immune response. Latent TB infection is asymptomatic and does not imply active disease. Further tests are needed to rule out active TB.
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing venous thrombosis?
1) Orthopedic surgery
2) Lung cancer
3) Estrogen use for contraception
4) DVT in a family member
While lung cancer itself is not a direct risk factor for venous thrombosis, it can be associated with hypercoagulable states due to the presence of tumor cells or paraneoplastic syndromes. The other options (orthopedic surgery, estrogen use for contraception, and a family history of DVT) are all recognized conditions that increase the risk of developing venous thrombosis.
A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed digoxin. Which of the following is a common side effect of digoxin therapy?
(1) Hypertension
(2) Hyperkalemia
(3) Hypokalemia
(4) Hypercalcemia
Digoxin can cause hyperkalemia due to its effect on sodium-potassium ATPase pumps in cardiac cells, leading to increased intracellular sodium and decreased intracellular potassium. However, it is important to note that digoxin can also cause arrhythmias in the presence of high serum potassium levels.
A patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease is prescribed chloramphenicol for a bacterial infection. What is a potential adverse effect of this medication that requires careful monitoring in this patient population?
(1) Nephrotoxicity
(2) Hepatotoxicity
(3) Ototoxicity
(4) Neutropenia
Chloramphenicol is known to have nephrotoxic effects and can exacerbate pre-existing kidney damage. It is essential to monitor renal function closely in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease when administering this antibiotic.