MDS PREP
Which of the following is NOT a component of the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade?
1) Factor XII
2) Factor XI
3) Tissue factor
4) Factor X
Tissue factor is actually a component of the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. The intrinsic pathway involves factors XII, XI, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, and factors VIII, IX, and X.
Crohn's disease is characterized by which of the following features during a colonoscopy?
1) Cobblestone appearance of the mucosa
2) Strictures and skip lesions
3) Longitudinal ulcers and creeping fat
4) All of the above
Crohn's disease typically presents with a cobblestone appearance of the mucosa due to the alternating involvement of diseased and healthy mucosal segments, strictures and skip lesions due to transmural inflammation affecting all layers of the bowel wall, and creeping fat, which is mesenteric fat wrapping around the bowel surface.
In emphysema, the dilatation occurs
1) Beyond major bronchus
2) In alveolar region
3) Beyond terminal bronchioles
4) Beyond minor bronchus
General Medicine
Answer: 3
In emphysema, the dilatation occurs beyond terminal bronchioles
A patient with a history of alcohol abuse presents with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia. The most likely diagnosis is:
1) Alcoholic hepatitis
2) Cirrhosis
3) Pancreatitis
4) Hepatic encephalopathy
The combination of jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia suggests that the patient has developed cirrhosis of the liver due to chronic alcohol abuse.
What is the principal cause of megaloblastic anemia other than vitamin B12 deficiency?
1) Folate deficiency
2) Iron deficiency
3) Vitamin A deficiency
4) Vitamin C deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia can be caused by either folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Both of these nutrients are essential for DNA synthesis and cell division in the bone marrow.
In a patient with suspected myasthenia gravis, which of the following is the most sensitive and specific diagnostic test?
1) Acetylcholine receptor antibody test
2) Tensilon (edrophonium) test
3) Repetitive nerve stimulation
4) Electromyogram (EMG)
The presence of acetylcholine receptor antibodies in the serum is the most sensitive and specific diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis.
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by following manifestations except
1) Proteinuria
2) Hyperlipidaemia
3) Oedema
4) None of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 3
Nephrotic syndrome characteristically features proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and edema; therefore, all three manifestations are characteristic, making option 4 correct.
Which of the following is NOT a function of fibrinogen in the coagulation cascade?
1) Precursor to fibrin
2) Coagulation factor stabilizer
3) Blood clot formation
4) Blood clot dissolution
Fibrinogen is essential for blood clot formation as it is converted into fibrin by thrombin. However, its role is not in dissolving blood clots; that is primarily the function of plasminogen, which is converted to plasmin.