MDS PREP
In radiobiology, the "latent period" represents the period of time between
1. Cell rest and cell mitosis
2. The first and last dose in radiation therapy
3. Film exposure and image development
4. Radiation exposure and its biological effects
In radiobiology, the "latent period" represents the time between radiation exposure and its biological effects.
Open ended lead-lined cones reduce
1. Intensity of scattered radiation
2. Intensity of primary radiation
3. Level of scattered radiation
4. All of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Open-ended lead-lined cones reduce the intensity of scattered radiation.
Epitheloid cells are characteristic of:
1. Chronic Infection
2. Granulation tissue
3. Granulomatous Inflammation
4. Only In tuberculosis
Pathology Answer: 3
Epitheloid cells are a hallmark of granulomatous inflammation, which occurs in response to certain chronic infections (like tuberculosis), autoimmune diseases, and foreign body reactions. In granulomas, epitheloid cells aggregate to form a protective wall around the irritant.
Letterer-Siwe disease is a disturbance of
1) Protein metabolism
2) Lipid metabolism
3) Mucopolysaccharide metabolism
4) Carbohydrate metabolism
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Letterer-Siwe disease is a type of Langerhans cell histiocytosis that is associated with disturbances in lipid metabolism.
Letterer-Siwe disease is a form of Langerhans cell
histiocytosis (LCH), which is characterized by the proliferation of
Langerhans cells, a type of dendritic cell involved in immune response. This
disease primarily affects children and can present with a variety of symptoms,
including:
Bone Lesions: Osteolytic bone lesions, particularly in
the skull, vertebrae, and long bones.
Skin Rash: Erythematous lesions or seborrheic
dermatitis-like rashes.
Hematological Abnormalities: Anemia, thrombocytopenia,
and leukopenia may occur.
Organ Involvement: It can affect multiple organs,
including the liver, spleen, and lungs.
Metabolic Disturbance:
Lipid Metabolism: Letterer-Siwe disease is associated
with disturbances in lipid metabolism, particularly due to the accumulation
of lipids in the affected tissues. The Langerhans cells in this condition
can exhibit abnormal lipid storage, which is a hallmark of the disease.
Disadvantages of using a GRID during radiography is
1. Increased patient exposure
2. Decreased exposure time
3. Increased secondary radiation fog to film
4. Reduces secondary radiation to film
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Using a GRID during radiography increases patient exposure due to the need for higher doses.
Which of the following is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in adults leading to myxedema?
1) Cretinism
2) Grave's disease
3) Hyperthyroidism
4) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in adults leading to myxedema.
Alkaline phosphatase increases in
1. Paget"s disease
2. Osteopetrosis
3. Fibrous dysplasia
4. Both A and D
Oral Pathology
Answer: 4
Alkaline phosphatase increases in both Paget's disease and fibrous dysplasia.
Commonest type of Basal cell carcinoma is -
1. Ulcerated
2. Cystic
3. Morphoeic
4. Pigmented
Pathology
Answer: 1
1. Noduloulcerative Basal Cell Carcinoma: This is the most common subtype of
BCC, making up about 60-70% of all cases. It typically appears as a slowly
growing, round to oval, pearly or translucent nodule with a central ulceration
that may bleed or ooze. The borders of the lesion are often not well-defined and
may have a rolled, pearly edge with telangiectasias (small, dilated blood
vessels).
2. Cystic Basal Cell Carcinoma: This subtype presents as a round, dome-shaped
lesion with a cystic or fluid-filled center. It is less common than the
noduloulcerative type, and it may be mistaken for a benign cyst or epidermoid
cyst.
3. Morphoeic Basal Cell Carcinoma: Also known as sclerosing or morpheaform BCC,
this type is characterized by a slowly growing, ill-defined, firm, plaque-like
lesion that can infiltrate deeply into the skin. It may have a whitish, waxy
appearance with a scar-like texture. Morphoeic BCC tends to be more aggressive
and can be challenging to diagnose due to its subtlety.
4. Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinoma: This is a less common variant of BCC,
accounting for approximately 6-15% of cases. It presents with pigmentation in
the lesion, which can be brown, blue, or black. The presence of pigment can make
it look similar to melanoma, another type of skin cancer, so a biopsy is often
necessary to confirm the diagnosis.