MDS PREP
Tic douloureaux is associated with which of the following nerves
1. 7th nerve
2. 3rd nerve
3. 5th nerve
4. None of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Tic douloureux, also known as trigeminal neuralgia, is a condition characterized by severe facial pain. It is associated with the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), which is responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing.
The principal chemical mediator of immediate phase, of acute inflammation is:
1. Serotonin
2. Histamine
3. Kinin-Kallikrein
4. Complement system
Pathology
Answer: 2
The principal chemical mediator of the immediate phase of acute inflammation
is Histamine. Here's a detailed explanation of the options given:
1. Serotonin: While serotonin is a vasoactive substance that can cause blood
vessels to constrict or dilate, it is not the primary mediator of the immediate
phase of acute inflammation. It is mainly associated with the regulation of
mood, appetite, and sleep. In the context of inflammation, it plays a minor role
compared to histamine.
2. Histamine: Histamine is indeed the correct answer. It is a potent chemical
mediator released from mast cells and basophils in response to injury or
antigenic stimulation. Upon release, histamine acts on blood vessels to cause
vasodilation, increased permeability, and increased blood flow to the injured
area, which are hallmark features of the immediate phase of acute inflammation.
This results in the cardinal signs of inflammation: redness (rubor), heat
(calor), swelling (tumor), and pain (dolor).
3. Kinin-Kallikrein system: The kinin-kallikrein system is another important
mediator of inflammation, but it is more involved in the later phases. When
activated, it results in the formation of kinins, such as bradykinin, which
contribute to increased vascular permeability and pain. However, it is not the
first line mediator in the immediate phase.
4. Complement system: The complement system is a group of proteins in the blood
that work with antibodies to destroy pathogens and trigger inflammation. It is a
key component of the innate immune response, but its activation and role are
more pronounced in the later stages of inflammation rather than the immediate
phase. The complement system is involved in the opsonization of pathogens,
recruitment of phagocytes, and the formation of the membrane attack complex,
which can lyse certain bacteria and cells.
The immediate phase of acute inflammation is characterized by the rapid response
to tissue injury, which includes vasoactive changes and increased vascular
permeability to allow fluid, cells, and proteins to move into the interstitial
space. Histamine is quickly released from mast cells and basophils and acts on
H1 receptors of blood vessels to induce vasodilation and increased permeability.
This leads to the early symptoms of inflammation, such as swelling, redness,
heat, and pain, and is crucial for the initiation of the inflammatory response
to protect the body from harm.
Which of the following is the explanation for the laboratory findings in an alcoholic with chronic obstructive lung disease, secondary to cigarette smoking, of persistently lower serum levels than expected of theophylline which is being used as a bronchodilator, even though the drug is taken according to schedule?
1) Cirrhosis of the liver
2) Decreased absorption
3) Enhanced liver metabolism
4) Increased urinary clearance
General Pathology Answer: 3
Enhanced liver metabolism is the explanation for persistently lower serum levels of theophylline in an alcoholic with chronic obstructive lung disease.
Which of the following is a common complication of hyperparathyroidism?
1) Osteoporosis
2) Osteopetrosis
3) Renal stones
4) Hypoparathyroidism
A common complication of hyperparathyroidism is the formation of renal stones due to elevated calcium levels in the urine.
Which of the following intraoral sites is taken as confirmation biospy for amyloidosis
1. Tongue
2. Gingiva
3. Palate
4. Buccal mucosa
The gingiva is taken as the confirmation biopsy site for amyloidosis.
Orange peel and ground glass radiographic appearance is observed in case of
1. Paget"s disease
2. Ewing"s sarcoma
3. Osteosarcoma
4. Fibrous dysplasia
Orange peel and ground glass radiographic appearance is observed in fibrous dysplasia.
Which of the following proteins is most likely under-expressed in this boy?
1) Late complement components
2) Transcobalamin II
3) Integrins
4) ?2-globulins
General Pathology
Answer: 3
Integrins are likely under-expressed in this boy, as they play a crucial role in cell adhesion and signaling, and their deficiency can lead to various immunological issues.
The commonest opportunistic infection in AIDS cases in India
1) Pneumocystic carinii
2) Cryptococcal meningitis
3) Toxoplasmosis
4) Tuberculosis
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Explanation: A compound odontoma is a type of odontogenic tumor that consists of multiple small tooth-like structures (denticles) and resembles the anatomy of normal teeth. In contrast, a complex odontoma has a more disorganized structure and does not resemble normal teeth.