MDS PREP
The function of the facial nerve is best tested by
1. Swallowing
2. Whistling
3. Protruding tongue
4. Moving the mandible side to side
The function of the facial nerve is best tested by whistling.
Disease which increases oral melanin pigmentation
1. Addison"s disease
2. Hyperthyroidism
3. Nephritis
4. All of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Diseases that increase oral melanin pigmentation include Addison's disease.
Which of the following is a common complication of hyperparathyroidism?
1) Osteoporosis
2) Osteopetrosis
3) Renal stones
4) Hypoparathyroidism
A common complication of hyperparathyroidism is the formation of renal stones due to elevated calcium levels in the urine.
Sloughing of necrotic epithelium is characteristic of
1. Aspirin burn
2. Denture sore mouth
3. Traumatic ulcer
4. Contact dermatitis
Oral Pathology
Answer: 1
Sloughing of necrotic epithelium is characteristic of an aspirin burn.
When kVp is changed from 70 to 80 kVp the energy of photons produced
1. Decreased by 10 times
2. Increased two times
3. Increased by 10 percent
4. Remains constant
Oral Pathology
Answer: 2
Changing kVp from 70 to 80 increases the energy of photons produced significantly.
What is a characteristic feature of osteopetrosis?
1) Increased osteoclast activity
2) Thick and brittle bones
3) Elevated serum calcium
4) Increased bone resorption
Osteopetrosis is characterized by thick and brittle bones due to increased osteoclast activity, which is impaired, leading to abnormal bone remodeling.
Indirect chemical carcinogens differ from direct acting agents in those
indirect agents:
1. Induce carcinogenicity without chemical transformation
2. Induce carcinogenicity after chemical transformation
3. Don’t require metabolic conversion
4. None of the above
Pathology Answer: 2
Indirect chemical carcinogens differ from direct acting agents in that they
require metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects. This means
that indirect carcinogens must undergo a chemical transformation within the body
before they can damage DNA and induce cancer. Direct acting carcinogens, on the
other hand, can interact directly with DNA without the need for metabolic
conversion. Therefore, the correct answer is:
2. Induce carcinogenicity after chemical transformation
1. Induce carcinogenicity without chemical transformation: This statement is
incorrect for indirect chemical carcinogens. Indirect carcinogens are typically
non-reactive or less reactive in their original form and must undergo metabolic
activation to become DNA-reactive. This metabolic conversion is crucial for
their carcinogenic potential.
2. Induce carcinogenicity after chemical transformation: This is the correct
explanation. Indirect carcinogens require metabolic activation by the body's
enzyme systems, particularly phase I enzymes such as cytochrome P450, to convert
them into electrophilic or reactive intermediates that can interact with DNA.
This activation process can occur in various tissues, often the liver, where
these enzymes are present. The reactive metabolites then form DNA adducts, which
can lead to mutations and ultimately cancer if not repaired properly by the
cell's DNA repair mechanisms.
3. Don’t require metabolic conversion: This statement is incorrect. Indirect
carcinogens do require metabolic conversion to become active carcinogens. It is
the direct acting carcinogens that can interact with DNA without the need for
such activation because they are already electrophilic or reactive in their
original form.
Oral manifestation of infectious mononucleosis is most commonly
1. Bluish red spots opposite maxillary molar
2. Pseudomembrane on gingival
3. Pinpoint petechiae on the palate
4. Gingival hyperplasia
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Pinpoint petechiae on the palate is the most common oral manifestation of infectious mononucleosis.