MDS PREP
Koebner"s phenomenon is seen with
1. Erythema multiforme
2. Pemphigoid
3. Psoriasis
4. Impetigo
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Koebner's phenomenon refers to the development of skin lesions at the site of trauma in individuals with certain skin conditions. It is most commonly associated with psoriasis, where new psoriatic plaques can form following skin injury or trauma.
Gingiva is most commonly affected by deficiency of
1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin D
3. Vitamin C
4. Vitamin B
Oral Pathology
Answer: 3
Gingiva is most commonly affected by a deficiency of Vitamin C.
Which of the following skin lesions are correctly matched with the
1. Erythema multiforme-Steven-Johnson syndrome
2. Recurrent apthous ulcer-Bechet"s syndrome
3. Lichen planus greenspan"s syndrome
4. All of the above
Oral Pathology
Answer: 4
Erythema multiforme - Steven-Johnson syndrome: Erythema
multiforme is a condition that can progress to Steven-Johnson syndrome
(SJS), which is a severe form of the disease characterized by extensive
mucosal involvement and skin detachment.
Recurrent aphthous ulcer - Behçet's syndrome: Behçet's
syndrome is an inflammatory condition that can present with recurrent oral
ulcers, including aphthous-like lesions, along with other systemic
manifestations.
Lichen planus - Grinspan's syndrome: Grinspan's
syndrome refers to a variant of lichen planus that is associated with
diabetes mellitus and can present with oral lesions.
Birbecks granules in the cytoplasm are seen in:
1) Langerhans cells
2) Mast cells
3) Myelocytes
4) Thrombocytes
General Pathology
Answer: 1
Birbecks granules are characteristic of Langerhans cells, which are involved in the immune response and are found in the skin.
The first vascular reaction In Inflammation is:
1. Vasoconstriction
2.
Vasodilation
3. Increased vascular permeability
4. Marginisation or pavementing
Pathology Answer: 2
The first vascular reaction in inflammation is Vasodilation.
Explanation:
Inflammation is the body's protective response to tissue injury or infection. It
is characterized by the classical signs of redness (rubor), heat (calor),
swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and loss of function (functio laesa). The
initial vascular changes in the inflammatory process include:
1. Vasoconstriction: This is a temporary response that occurs immediately after
injury to minimize blood loss. However, it is quickly followed by the more
significant and prolonged phase of vasodilation.
2. Vasodilation: This is the first major vascular reaction in the inflammatory
response. Vasodilation occurs due to the release of substances such as
histamine, bradykinins, and prostaglandins from the damaged tissue cells and
mast cells. These substances are known as vasodilators and they cause the smooth
muscles surrounding the blood vessels to relax, leading to an increase in the
diameter of the blood vessels. This results in increased blood flow to the
injured area, which is essential for delivering white blood cells, nutrients,
and oxygen to the site of inflammation. The increased blood flow is what causes
the characteristic redness and heat of an inflamed area.
3. Increased vascular permeability: Although it is not the first vascular
reaction, increased vascular permeability is a critical component of the
inflammatory process. After vasodilation, the endothelial cells that line the
blood vessels become more permeable, allowing plasma and proteins to leak out of
the vessels into the surrounding tissue. This leads to the formation of an
exudate, which is the accumulation of fluid and proteins that makes up the
swelling (edema) seen in inflammation.
4. Marginisation or Pavementing: This is the process where neutrophils (a type
of white blood cell) move along the walls of blood vessels towards the site of
inflammation. It occurs later in the inflammatory response after the initial
vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. These cells then migrate
through the vessel walls into the tissue to combat pathogens and debris.
What of the following is characterized by left lower quadrant periumbilical pain in an elderly person, with the presence of fever, tender abdomen, leukocytosis, nausea, and vomiting?
1) Acute appendicitis
2) Diverticulitis
3) Gallstones
4) Pancreatitis
General Pathology Answer: 2
Diverticulitis is characterized by left lower quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis, especially in elderly patients.
What is the role of vitamin D in calcium metabolism?
1) Increases renal excretion of calcium
2) Decreases absorption of dietary calcium
3) Activates absorption of dietary calcium
4) Inhibits bone resorption
Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium metabolism by activating the absorption of dietary calcium in the intestines.
Following are the findings in sickle cell Anemia, except -
1) Fish vertebra
2) Enlarged heart
3) Splenomegaly usually seen
4) Leukocytosis
General Pathology
Answer: 3
Splenomegaly is not usually seen in sickle cell anemia; instead, autosplenectomy often occurs due to repeated splenic infarctions.