MDS PREP
A patient has a congenital deficiency of which of the following factors leading to bleeding diathesis?
1) Factor II
2) Factor V
3) Factor X
4) Factor XII
Parahemophilia is a congenital deficiency of factor V, which is less severe than Hemophilia A or B. It leads to a mild bleeding diathesis. Factor XII deficiency is associated with Hageman trait, which typically does not cause a significant bleeding tendency.
The following feature may raise the suspicion of TB
1) Persistent cough
2) Spontaneous pneumothorax
3) Haemoptysis
4) All
General Medicine
Answer: 4
The following features may raise the suspicion of TB: persistent cough, spontaneous pneumothorax, and haemoptysis
When prescribing for a patient of renal failure, the elimination of drug from the kidney in the case of renal impairment all the following are correct except
1) Creatinine clearance is taken as guide
2) The normal main dose is given if the drug is being metabolized
3) The time to reach to steady state plasma concentration is the same as in patients with normal renal function
4) None of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 3
In renal impairment, the time to reach steady-state plasma concentration generally differs from that in patients with normal renal function due to altered clearance; hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
What is the most common site for hydatid cyst formation in humans?
1) Brain
2) Lung
3) Liver
4) Spleen
Hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, primarily affects the liver in approximately 70% of cases. This is because the ova ingested by humans are carried to the liver via the portal venous system, where they are trapped and develop into cysts.
What is the primary mechanism of action of Shiga-like toxins produced by EHEC?
1) Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes
2) Induces lipid peroxidation in cell membranes
3) Increases intracellular cAMP
4) Induces endothelial cell damage
Shiga-like toxins produced by EHEC bind to ribosomes in target cells, particularly endothelial cells, and inhibit protein synthesis. This leads to cell damage and contributes to the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
What is the most common neurological manifestation of Wilson’s disease?
1) Movement disorders
2) Cognitive impairment
3) Seizures
4) Peripheral neuropathy
Movement disorders, particularly those associated with basal ganglia dysfunction such as dystonia and chorea, are the most common neurological manifestations of Wilson’s disease due to the primary toxic effect on the basal ganglia from copper deposition.
What is the typical inheritance pattern of Hemophilia A?
1) Autosomal recessive
2) Autosomal dominant
3) Sex-linked recessive
4) Sex-linked dominant
Hemophilia A is typically inherited in a sex-linked recessive pattern, meaning it is caused by a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome. Males are more commonly affected since they have only one X chromosome, while females with one normal and one affected X chromosome are usually carriers and may exhibit mild symptoms.
Amphoric breathing is seen in
1) Pneumothorax
2) Pericarditis
3) Pneumonia
4) Pleural effusion
General Medicine
Answer: 1
Amphoric breathing is seen in pneumothorax