MDS PREP
Delayed wound healing is seen in all except
1) Malignancy
2) Hypertension
3) Diabetes
4) Infection
Oral medicine
Answer: 2
While hypertension can have various health implications, it is not typically
associated with delayed wound healing. In contrast, malignancy, diabetes, and
infection are known to impair the healing process.
What is the typical age of onset for Huntington's disease?
(1) Childhood
(2) Fourth or fifth decade
(3) Seventh or eighth decade
(4) Second or third decade
Huntington's disease typically begins in the fourth or fifth decade of life. It is an autosomal dominant disorder that affects both men and women, and the symptoms include chorea, behavioral disturbances, and cognitive decline. While there is a wide range in age of onset, the average age of symptom manifestation is around 30 to 50 years.
In a patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which of the following is NOT a common side effect of long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy?
1) Oral thrush
2) Pneumonia
3) Osteoporosis
4) Tachycardia
Long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy is commonly used in COPD management to reduce inflammation and exacerbations. Common side effects include oral thrush, pneumonia due to immunocompromise, and osteoporosis due to steroid-induced bone loss. Tachycardia is not a typical side effect of inhaled corticosteroids.
What is the typical age range for increased risk of coronary heart disease in men?
1) ? 45 years
2) ? 55 years
3) ? 65 years
4) ? 75 years
According to the provided risk factor list for atherosclerosis, men are considered at increased risk for coronary heart disease starting at the age of 45 years.
Varicose veins may be seen in the
1) Calf
2) Thigh
3) Scrotum
4) All of the above
Oral medicine
Answer: 4
Varicose veins are characterized by twisted, swollen veins that often
appear blue or purple. Common signs and symptoms include aching or heavy
legs, burning or throbbing sensations, muscle cramps, swelling in the lower
legs, and skin changes such as color alterations or sores
Visible Changes:
Twisted, swollen veins that are often blue or dark purple.
Bulging veins that may appear just below the skin surface.
Physical Sensations:
Aching or heavy feeling in the legs.
Burning, throbbing, or cramping sensations, particularly in the
calves.
Swelling in the lower legs and ankles.
Skin Changes:
Color changes in the skin, which may appear red or brown.
Development of sores or ulcers on the skin that do not heal easily.
Scaly or irritated skin that may crack easily.
Other Symptoms:
Restless legs syndrome, which can cause discomfort and an urge to
move the legs.
Pain in the legs or calves after prolonged sitting or standing.
Complications of Varicose Veins
Severe Symptoms:
Increased leg swelling and pain, especially after long periods of
inactivity.
Risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can lead to
serious complications if blood clots form.
Skin Conditions:
Lipodermatosclerosis, a condition that causes inflammation and
hardening of the skin.
Venous ulcers, which are painful sores that can develop due to poor
circulation.
What is the genetic pattern of inheritance for Huntington's disease?
(1) Autosomal recessive
(2) Autosomal dominant
(3) X-linked recessive
(4) X-linked dominant
Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder. This means that a single copy of the defective gene, inherited from either parent, is sufficient to cause the disease. Each offspring of an affected individual has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene and developing the disease.
In which organism is echinococcosis most commonly found?
(1) Liver
(2) Lungs
(3) Brain
(4) Heart
Echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus. The most common site for these larvae to form cysts is the liver.
A patient with known hypertension is started on clonidine therapy. Which of the following is a potential side effect of this medication?
(1) Increased heart rate
(2) Peripheral edema
(3) Sexual dysfunction
(4) Diarrhea
Clonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive that reduces blood pressure by decreasing sympathetic outflow. It can sometimes cause bradycardia rather than increased heart rate. Other common side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, and sedation.