MDS PREP
Pinhead stippling of the skull is a radiological sign associated with which condition?
1) Rickets
2) Osteopetrosis
3) Hyperparathyroidism
4) Osteomalacia
Pinhead stippling of the skull is a sign of increased osteoclastic activity, which is characteristic of hyperparathyroidism. It represents resorption of the outer layer of the bone and is most prominent in the calvaria.
For study of sex chromatic body the most suitable cells for convenience
1) Blood
2) Buccal mucosa
3) Skin
4) Hair
General Medicine
Answer: 2
The sex chromatin body, also known as the Barr body, is an inactivated X chromosome found in female cells. To study the presence of Barr bodies, buccal mucosa cells are often used because they are easily accessible and can be collected non-invasively through a simple scraping of the inner cheek. Buccal epithelial cells are large and contain sufficient cytoplasm, making them suitable for microscopic examination. In contrast, blood cells (like lymphocytes) can also be used, but the collection process is more invasive and less convenient than obtaining buccal mucosa cells.
When prescribing for a patient of renal failure, the elimination of drug from the kidney in the case of renal impairment all the following are correct except
1) Creatinine clearance is taken as guide
2) The normal main dose is given if the drug is being metabolized
3) The time to reach to steady state plasma concentration is the same as in patients with normal renal function
4) None of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 3
In renal impairment, the time to reach steady-state plasma concentration generally differs from that in patients with normal renal function due to altered clearance; hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
Secondary infections in HIV-infected patient are classified under
1) Class I
2) Class II
3) Class III
4) Class IV
General Medicine Answer: 4
Common opportunistic infections associated with HIV include: cryptococcal meningitis. toxoplasmosis.
The primary mechanism of action of nitroglycerin in the treatment of angina pectoris is:
1) Dilatation of coronary arteries
2) Decreased cardiac contractility
3) Increased cardiac output
4) Decreased systemic vascular resistance
Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that primarily acts by relaxing vascular smooth muscles, which leads to dilatation of coronary arteries.
All are seen in ARDS except
1) Pulmonary oedema
2) Decreased tidal volume
3) Hypercapnia
4) Decreased compliance
General Medicine
Answer: 3
All are seen in ARDS except hypercapnia
Site of damage in Bell"s palsy is
1) Exit of facial nerve at stylomastoid foramen
2) Labyrinthine portion of VII nerve within facial canal
3) Within parotid gland
4) None
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Damage in Bell's palsy typically occurs in the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve (VII) as it travels through the temporal bone.
Pulsus paradoxus is seen in
1) Mitral stenosis
2) Atrial fibrillation
3) Aortic stenosis
4) Asthma
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Pulsus paradoxus is a clinical sign characterized by a drop in blood pressure during inspiration. It is commonly seen in conditions like asthma, where airway obstruction leads to significant changes in intrathoracic pressure.