MDS PREP
A 45-year-old male presents with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, distension, and constipation. His abdomen is rigid and tender, with hypoactive bowel sounds. An abdominal X-ray shows dilated loops of bowel with air-fluid levels. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Small bowel obstruction
2) Large bowel obstruction
3) Paralytic ileus
4) Mesenteric ischemia
The sudden onset of pain, abdominal distension, and constipation with the presence of dilated loops of bowel and air-fluid levels on X-ray are indicative of small bowel obstruction.
What is the primary target of autoantibodies in SLE that contributes to the disease's pathology?
1) Cell membranes
2) Cytoplasmic components
3) Nuclear components
4) Extracellular matrix
The primary target of autoantibodies in SLE is nuclear components. These antibodies can lead to the formation of immune complexes and complement activation, resulting in widespread tissue damage and inflammation.
The diagnostic laboratory finding in nephrotic syndrome
1) Elevated blood urea
2) Severe anaemia
3) Massive albuminuria
4) Hyperglycaemia
General Medicine
Answer: 3
Massive albuminuria, characterized by excess protein in urine, is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome, alongside edema and hyperlipidemia.
Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of CNS involvement in Wilson’s disease?
1) Dystonia
2) Incoordination
3) Sensory abnormalities
4) Chorea
The toxic injury in Wilson’s disease primarily affects the basal ganglia, leading to extrapyramidal symptoms such as dystonia, incoordination, tremor, dysphagia, dysarthria, memory loss, and seizures. However, sensory abnormalities and muscular weakness are not typical features of the disease.
A 20-year-old female presents with a 3-month history of fatigue, weight loss, and dyspnea on exertion. Her physical exam reveals a systolic murmur at the left sternal border that increases with standing and decreases with squatting. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Mitral stenosis
2) Mitral regurgitation
3) Aortic stenosis
4) Aortic regurgitation
The description of a systolic murmur that increases with standing and decreases with squatting suggests a condition where the murmur is affected by changes in the flow across the mitral valve. This is characteristic of mitral regurgitation.
A newborn baby has severe bleeding. Which of the following coagulation factor deficiencies is the most common cause of this condition?
1) Factor II deficiency
2) Factor V deficiency
3) Factor VIII deficiency
4) Factor X deficiency
In newborns, factor VIII deficiency, known as Hemophilia A, is the most common cause of severe bleeding. It is an X-linked recessive disorder, which means that females are carriers and males are affected. The severity of the bleeding is indicative of the lack of this crucial coagulation factor.
Glomerular filtration ceases when systolic blood pressure falls below
1) 80 mm Hg
2) 70 mm Hg
3) 60 mm Hg
4) 50 mm Hg
General Medicine
Answer: 2
Glomerular filtration typically ceases when systolic blood pressure falls below 70 mmHg as renal perfusion becomes inadequate for filtration.
Ventilation/perfusion ratio is highest in
1) Apex of lung
2) Mid zone
3) Lower zone
4) Hilum
General Medicine
Answer: 1
Ventilation/perfusion ratio is highest in the apex of lung