MDS PREP
Which of the following is NOT a feature of H. pylori infection?
1) Increased gastric acid production
2) Predominantly antral gastritis
3) Reduced gastrin levels
4) Associated with duodenal ulcers
Although H. pylori infection can be associated with elevated gastrin levels, it typically presents with normal or elevated gastric acid production and predominantly antral gastritis, which increases the risk of duodenal ulcers.
What is the treatment of choice for growth hormone deficiency in children?
1) Thyroid hormone replacement
2) Growth hormone replacement therapy
3) Testosterone supplementation
4) Estrogen therapy
The treatment of choice for growth hormone deficiency in children is recombinant human growth hormone (HGH) replacement therapy. This therapy helps to stimulate growth and can help children with growth hormone deficiency reach a more normal height. The other options listed are treatments for different hormonal imbalances and are not typically used for growth hormone deficiency unless there is a coexisting condition requiring them.
In which condition do we see increased subcutaneous fat and a high-pitched voice as part of the clinical presentation?
1) Constitutional delay of growth
2) Familial short stature
3) Hypopituitarism
4) Growth hormone resistance
In growth hormone deficiency, which is part of hypopituitarism, patients may exhibit increased subcutaneous fat and a high-pitched voice due to the lack of growth hormone affecting muscle and bone development as well as adipose tissue distribution.
A 55-year-old male with a history of alcoholism presents with a chronic non-healing ulcer on his lower leg. The ulcer has a necrotic center surrounded by erythematous tissue. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Arterial ulcer
2) Venous stasis ulcer
3) Pressure ulcer
4) Neuropathic ulcer
The chronic non-healing nature of the ulcer and its location on the lower leg in an individual with a history of alcoholism are more consistent with a neuropathic ulcer. Neuropathy due to chronic alcohol use can lead to loss of protective sensation and poor blood supply, resulting in these types of ulcers.
Which of the following is a congenital deficiency associated with a hemorrhagic diathesis?
1) Hageman trait
2) Parahemophilia
3) Hypoprothrombinemia due to liver disease
4) Hemophilia A
Hemophilia A is a congenital defect due to various abnormalities of the gene on the X chromosome that codes for factor VIII, leading to a hemorrhagic diathesis. Hageman trait is also congenital but does not directly cause a bleeding disorder.
In emphysema, the dilatation occurs
1) Beyond major bronchus
2) In alveolar region
3) Beyond terminal bronchioles
4) Beyond minor bronchus
General Medicine
Answer: 3
In emphysema, the dilatation occurs beyond terminal bronchioles
What is the primary hormone responsible for the regulation of calcium homeostasis?
1) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
2) Calcitonin
3) Vitamin D
4) Thyrocalcitonin
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the primary hormone that regulates calcium homeostasis in the body. It is secreted by the parathyroid glands and acts on the kidneys, bones, and intestines to maintain serum calcium levels within a narrow range. While vitamin D and calcitonin also play roles in calcium metabolism, PTH is the major player in this regulatory process.
A patient with a history of chronic alcoholism presents with a red, smooth tongue. This is most likely due to:
1) Iron deficiency anemia
2) Pernicious anemia
3) Megaloblastic anemia
4) Thiamine deficiency
The patient's symptoms are indicative of thiamine deficiency, which is a common nutritional deficiency in chronic alcoholics.