MDS PREP
Pulmonary fibrosis may be caused by
1) Tuberculosis
2) Infarction
3) Pneumoconiosis
4) All
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Pulmonary fibrosis can result from various causes, including infections (like tuberculosis), infarction, and exposure to harmful substances (like silica in pneumoconiosis).
Presence of cavitation in TB indicates the disease is
1) Active
2) Inactive
3) Persistent
4) Super infection
General Medicine
Answer: 1
Presence of cavitation in TB indicates the disease is active
Amphoric breathing is seen in
1) Pneumothorax
2) Pericarditis
3) Pneumonia
4) Pleural effusion
General Medicine
Answer: 1
Amphoric breathing is seen in pneumothorax
What is the typical age of onset for children with growth hormone deficiency due to hypopituitarism?
1) At birth
2) During infancy
3) At the onset of puberty
4) Variable, but often in childhood
Growth hormone deficiency due to hypopituitarism can manifest at different ages depending on the underlying cause. It is often recognized in childhood when growth patterns are monitored regularly.
What is the primary function of alpha-2-macroglobulin in the body?
1) Inhibition of serum proteases
2) Osmotic regulation
3) Transport of copper
4) Blood clot dissolution
Alpha-2-macroglobulin is a plasma protein that functions as an inhibitor of serum proteases, including thrombin and other proteolytic enzymes. It is involved in the regulation of extracellular proteolytic activity and the prevention of tissue damage.
A patient with hyperparathyroidism presents with peptic ulcer disease. What is the most likely underlying mechanism?
1) Direct action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on gastric mucosa
2) Indirect effects of PTH-induced hypercalcemia on gastric acid secretion
3) Secondary hypergastrinemia due to vitamin D deficiency
4) Autonomic neuropathy affecting gastric emptying
Hypercalcemia, which is commonly seen in hyperparathyroidism, can suppress gastric mucosal function and lead to peptic ulcer disease.
In which of the following conditions is the prevalence of nephrotic syndrome more common in children than in adults?
1) Membranous nephropathy
2) Minimal-change disease
3) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Minimal-change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, with a prevalence of 65%. In contrast, it is less common in adults, affecting only 10% of cases.
Which of the following may result from chronic bronchitis?
1) Cor pulmonale
2) Increased airway resistance
3) Metaplasia and dysplasia of respiratory epithelium
4) All of the above
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Chronic bronchitis may result in cor pulmonale, increased airway resistance, metaplasia and dysplasia of respiratory epithelium