MDS PREP
Which of the following is NOT a common behavioral symptom in early Huntington's disease?
(1) Depression
(2) Apathy
(3) Hyperactivity
(4) Social withdrawal
In early Huntington's disease, common behavioral symptoms include depression, apathy, irritability, and social withdrawal. Hyperactivity is not a typical early symptom; rather, the disease is more associated with a decline in motor function and increased involuntary movements (chorea).
In the context of antitubercular therapy, which of the following is true about the metabolism of isoniazid and streptomycin?
(1) Both are metabolized in the liver
(2) Both are metabolized in the kidneys
(3) Isoniazid is metabolized in the liver, while streptomycin is metabolized in the kidneys
(4) Isoniazid is metabolized in the kidneys, while streptomycin is metabolized in the liver
Isoniazid is metabolized by the liver, while streptomycin is metabolized by the kidneys. This is important to consider when administering these drugs, especially in patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
A 45-year-old male with a history of alcoholism is admitted with a three-day history of fever, chills, and severe abdominal pain. His WBC count is elevated. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?
(1) Pancreatitis
(2) Alcoholic hepatitis
(3) Peptic ulcer disease
(4) Gallstones
The history of alcoholism and symptoms of fever, abdominal pain, and elevated WBC count are more consistent with pancreatitis, which is commonly associated with alcohol abuse.
Which is not a feature of Adamantinoma?
1) More common in males
2) Soap-bubble appearance on X-ray
3) Uncontrolled local growth
4) Commonest site maxilla
Oral Medicine Answer: 4
Commonest site maxilla
a. Adamantinoma is a rare tumor arising from the diaphysis of the long bone.
b. The most common long bone affected by adamantinoma is TIBIA.
c. In head and neck , the most common bone affected by adamantinoma is MANDIBLE.
d. In mandible, the most common site is the region of 3RD MOLAR.
e. Classic adamantinomas usually occur in patients older than 20 years, whereas
differentiated adamantinomas occur almost exclusively in patients younger than
20 years.
f. In addition, the 2 classifications of adamantinomas have distinct
radiographic and histologic differences.
g. Patients with adamantinomas present with variable signs and symptoms; most
commonly, they report pain and swelling.
h. The tumor is slow growing, and patients may describe discomfort lasting
months to years.
i. Treatment options for adamantinoma are surgical and include either marginal
or en bloc resection.
j. Unfortunately, neither radiation therapy nor chemotherapy has been proven
effective in the treatment of this insidious tumor.
k. The investigation of choice for adamantinoma is CT SCAN which shows cortical
destruction involving the diaphysis of the bone with surrounding periosteal
reaction.
l. On x ray there is a characteristic SOAP BUBBLE appearance.
What is the most common site of venous thrombosis in patients with cancer?
1) Superficial veins
2) Cerebral sinuses
3) Deep veins of the lower extremities
4) Hepatic veins
The most common site of venous thrombosis in patients with cancer is the deep veins of the lower extremities, often referred to as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This is due to a combination of factors such as immobility, cancer-induced hypercoagulability, and damage to the vessels from tumor infiltration or surgery.
In which organism is echinococcosis most commonly found?
(1) Liver
(2) Lungs
(3) Brain
(4) Heart
Echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus. The most common site for these larvae to form cysts is the liver.
What is the treatment for respiratory alkalosis?
1) Inhalation of carbon dioxide
2) Injection of sodium bicarbonate
3) Ingestion of antacids
4) Increase in respiratory rate
The treatment for respiratory alkalosis typically involves correcting the underlying cause. However, if symptoms are severe, inhalation of a small amount of carbon dioxide can be administered.
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of developing venous thrombosis?
1) Orthopedic surgery
2) Lung cancer
3) Estrogen use for contraception
4) DVT in a family member
While lung cancer itself is not a direct risk factor for venous thrombosis, it can be associated with hypercoagulable states due to the presence of tumor cells or paraneoplastic syndromes. The other options (orthopedic surgery, estrogen use for contraception, and a family history of DVT) are all recognized conditions that increase the risk of developing venous thrombosis.