MDS PREP
Earliest symptom in acute appendicitis is
1) Pain
2) Fever
3) Vomiting
4) Rise of pulse rate
Oral medicine
Answer: 1
The earliest and most common symptom of acute appendicitis is abdominal pain. This pain often starts around the umbilical area and then migrates to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Other symptoms such as fever and vomiting typically occur after the onset of pain.
A patient presents with oral lesions and is diagnosed with secondary syphilis. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of this stage?
(1) Condylomata lata
(2) Lues maligna
(3) Mucous patches
(4) Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis
Secondary syphilis is characterized by the development of mucocutaneous lesions, including mucous patches, which are painless, erythematous ulcers with a smooth, moist, and glistening appearance, often found on the oral mucosa. These lesions can occur anywhere in the oral cavity but are particularly common on the tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa.
In the treatment of herpes labialis (cold sores), which medication is not available in a cream formulation?
(1) Acyclovir
(2) Penciclovir
(3) Docosanol
(4) Lysine
Penciclovir is the correct answer as it is not available in a cream formulation. Acyclovir and docosanol are available in cream formulations for the treatment of cold sores. Lysine is an amino acid supplement that may help reduce the frequency of herpes outbreaks but is not a medication specifically designed to treat herpes labialis.
A patient has been prescribed mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis. What is the primary mechanism of action of mefloquine?
(1) Inhibition of folic acid synthesis
(2) Inhibition of DNA replication
(3) Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis
(4) Inhibition of sodium channels
Mefloquine is effective against malaria because it inhibits the DNA replication in the parasites' asexual erythrocytic stages, thus preventing their proliferation.
Which of the following is a common premedication for patients with valvular heart disease or congenital cardiac defects undergoing dental procedures to prevent bacterial endocarditis?
(1) Amoxicillin
(2) Clindamycin
(3) Cephalexin
(4) All of the above
Amoxicillin, clindamycin, and cephalexin are all commonly recommended as premedications for patients with valvular heart disease or congenital cardiac defects before dental procedures. The choice of antibiotic may depend on the patient's allergies and the type of infection.
What is the primary mode of diagnosis for Huntington's disease?
1) Brain MRI
2) Genetic testing
3) Clinical examination and family history
4) Cerebral spinal fluid analysis
The primary mode of diagnosis for Huntington's disease is genetic testing. It involves identifying the expansion of a trinucleotide repeat (CAG) in the HTT gene on chromosome 4.
What is the primary action of acetaminophen?
1) Anti-inflammatory
2) Analgesic and antipyretic
3) Muscle relaxant
4) Antihypertensive
Acetaminophen is primarily known for its analgesic and antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects. It is a common component in many over-the-counter pain relief medications.
A 50-year-old male patient with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain and altered mental status. His blood glucose level is 30 mg/dL. What is the most appropriate initial treatment for his hypoglycemia?
(1) 1 mg glucagon IM
(2) 50 ml of 50% glucose solution IV
(3) 100 ml of 5% dextrose solution IV
(4) 500 ml of normal saline IV
In an unconscious patient, it is best to administer glucagon IM which can quickly raise blood glucose levels by mobilizing glycogen stores in the liver. Oral glucose cannot be given due to the patient's altered mental state.