MDS PREP
A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is found to have a very high white blood cell (WBC) count. Which of the following is NOT a common physical examination finding in CLL?
1) Splenomegaly
2) Lymphadenopathy
3) Hepatomegaly
4) Fever
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is characterized by the accumulation of mature-looking but functionally incompetent lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues. Common physical examination findings include splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and hepatomegaly due to infiltration by leukemic cells.
What is the most common complication of chronic SLE?
1) Lupus nephritis
2) Rheumatoid arthritis
3) Lupus cardiomyopathy
4) Thrombocytopenia
Lupus nephritis is the most common complication of chronic SLE, affecting approximately 50% of patients. It is characterized by inflammation of the kidneys and can lead to kidney failure if not properly managed.
What is the typical presentation of acute peptic (stress) ulcers?
1) Severe abdominal pain and hemorrhage
2) Abdominal distension and vomiting
3) Diarrhea and dehydration
4) Weight loss and jaundice
Acute peptic ulcers are characterized by mucosal erosions in the stomach or duodenum. They are usually caused by increased gastric acidity and mucosal damage due to stress factors such as psychological stress, trauma, burns, or intracranial lesions, leading to symptoms like severe abdominal pain and potential gastrointestinal bleeding.
All of the following features are suggestive of asbestosis except
1) Occurs within five years of exposure
2) The disease progresses even after removal of contact
3) Can lead to pleural mesothelioma
4) Sputum contains asbestos bodies
General Medicine
Answer: 4
All of the following features are suggestive of asbestosis except occurs within five years of exposure
Which of the following is a congenital deficiency associated with a hemorrhagic diathesis?
1) Hageman trait
2) Parahemophilia
3) Hypoprothrombinemia due to liver disease
4) Hemophilia A
Hemophilia A is a congenital defect due to various abnormalities of the gene on the X chromosome that codes for factor VIII, leading to a hemorrhagic diathesis. Hageman trait is also congenital but does not directly cause a bleeding disorder.
In emphysema, the dilatation occurs
1) Beyond major bronchus
2) In alveolar region
3) Beyond terminal bronchioles
4) Beyond minor bronchus
General Medicine
Answer: 3
In emphysema, the dilatation occurs beyond terminal bronchioles
Which of the following is the primary function of protein C?
1) Activation of factor V
2) Inhibition of factor Xa and thrombin
3) Formation of fibrin
4) Inhibition of factor VIIIa
Protein C is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that acts as an anticoagulant. Upon activation, it forms a complex with protein S and inhibits factor Xa and thrombin, thereby preventing excessive clot formation and promoting clot dissolution.
A patient with a rare bleeding disorder has a prolonged aPTT and a prolonged PT. Which coagulation factor is likely deficient?
1) Factor V
2) Factor VIII
3) Factor X
4) Factor XII
Both the aPTT (activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) and PT (Prothrombin Time) are prolonged in the case of factor VIII deficiency, which is characteristic of Hemophilia A. This is because factor VIII is involved in both the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade.