MDS PREP
Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of CNS involvement in Wilson’s disease?
1) Dystonia
2) Incoordination
3) Sensory abnormalities
4) Chorea
The toxic injury in Wilson’s disease primarily affects the basal ganglia, leading to extrapyramidal symptoms such as dystonia, incoordination, tremor, dysphagia, dysarthria, memory loss, and seizures. However, sensory abnormalities and muscular weakness are not typical features of the disease.
Drug of choice in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
1) Diprofloxacin
2) Catrimoxazole
3) Zidovudine
4) Pentamidine
General Medicine
Answer: 2
The drug of choice in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is Catrimoxazole
What is the primary mechanism by which H. pylori is able to survive in the acidic environment of the stomach?
1) It produces hydrochloric acid
2) It has a protective outer coating
3) It produces urease, which generates ammonia
4) It lives in the mucus layer without contacting the acid
H. pylori produces the enzyme urease, which breaks down urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide, raising the local pH around the bacteria and protecting them from the acidic gastric environment.
What is the primary target of alcohol toxicity in the liver?
1) Hepatocyte membranes
2) Hepatic stellate cells
3) Kupffer cells
4) Mitochondria
The primary target of alcohol toxicity in the liver is the mitochondri1) Alcohol is metabolized in the liver, generating acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species, which can disrupt mitochondrial function and lead to cell damage and necrosis.
In which condition breath sounds are absent
1) Bronchial asthma
2) Pneumothorax
3) Emphysema
4) Pneumonia
General Medicine
Answer: 2
In pneumothorax, breath sounds are absent
What is the most common congenital cause of hypoprothrombinemia?
1) Afibrinogenemia
2) Vitamin K deficiency
3) Hemophilia A
4) Hemophilia B
Although the question mentions that hypoprothrombinemia is associated with vitamin K deficiency, the most common congenital cause of hypoprothrombinemia is actually deficiency of factor II, which is vitamin K-dependent. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to impaired synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X in the liver.
A patient with chronic kidney disease is found to have a serum uric acid level of 8.0 mg/dL. This is most likely due to:
1) Excessive dietary purine intake
2) Decreased glomerular filtration rate
3) Excessive lactate production
4) Impaired tubular secretion of uric acid
Chronic kidney disease can lead to hyperuricemia due to decreased glomerular filtration rate, resulting in decreased excretion of uric acid by the kidneys.
Bronchiectasis is most common in which lobe
1) Right upper lobe
2) Right middle lobe
3) Left upper lobe
4) Left lower lobe
General Medicine
Answer: 4
Bronchiectasis is most common in the left lower lobe