MDS PREP
The diagnostic laboratory finding in nephrotic syndrome
1) Elevated blood urea
2) Severe anaemia
3) Massive albuminuria
4) Hyperglycaemia
General Medicine
Answer: 3
Massive albuminuria, characterized by excess protein in urine, is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome, alongside edema and hyperlipidemia.
Chronic respiratory infection, steatorrhoea and disturbance of electrolyte balance is in
1) Cystic fibrosis
2) Hepatitis
3) Colon carcinoma
4) Amoebiasis
General Medicine
Answer: 1
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs, leading to respiratory infections and digestive issues, including steatorrhoea and electrolyte imbalances.
Which autoantibody is most specific for the diagnosis of SLE?
1) Anti-double stranded DNA
2) Anti-Smith antigen
3) Anti-nuclear antibody
4) Anti-RNP antibody
Anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibodies are highly specific for SLE and are found in about 20-30% of patients. While antinuclear antibodies and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies are also associated with SLE, they are less specific as they can also be present in other conditions.
What is the diagnostic criterion for chronic kidney disease?
1) Presence of proteinuria for over 3 months
2) A decrease in GRF for over 3 months
3) Structural damage of the kidney with decreased function
4) Both A and B
Chronic kidney disease is typically diagnosed by the presence of persistent proteinuria or a decreased glomerular filtration rate for over 3 months, along with evidence of kidney damage.
A 45-year-old male presents with severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, nausea, vomiting, and malaise after consuming a large meal at a buffet. His stool is watery and non-bloody. His blood pressure is normal. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
1) Peptic ulcer
2) Gallstones
3) Pancreatitis
4) Clostridium perfringens food poisoning
The rapid onset of symptoms after a large meal at a buffet, along with the presence of severe epigastric pain and watery diarrhea, suggests a gastrointestinal infection. Clostridium perfringens is a common cause of foodborne illness and typically presents within 8 to 16 hours of ingestion. The condition is usually self-limiting and improves with supportive care.
Most common symptom of pulmonary embolism
1) Chest pain
2) Dyspnoea
3) Haemoptysis
4) Cough
General Medicine
Answer: 2
The most common symptom of pulmonary embolism is dyspnoea
What is the primary function of protein S?
1) Inhibition of factor Xa
2) Inhibition of factor VIIIa
3) Inhibition of factor IIa (thrombin)
4) Activation of factor V
Protein S, in complex with activated protein C, acts as a cofactor for the inhibition of factor Xa, thus playing a role in the regulation of the coagulation cascade and preventing thrombus formation.
What is the principal cause of megaloblastic anemia other than vitamin B12 deficiency?
1) Folate deficiency
2) Iron deficiency
3) Vitamin A deficiency
4) Vitamin C deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia can be caused by either folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Both of these nutrients are essential for DNA synthesis and cell division in the bone marrow.